Question

Explain the development of Mobile networks.

Answer 1

The generations of mobile networks are as follows.

1. First Generation (1G) 1981 – NMT Launch
2. Second Generation (2G) 1991 – GSM Launch
3. Second to Third Generation Bridge (2.5)2000 – GPRS launch
4. Third Generation (3G) 2003 – first UK 3G launch
5. Fourth Generation (4G) 2007
6. Fifth Generation (5G) 2019+

• First Generation (1G) 1981 – NMT launch:

1. During the initial periods, the mobile systems were based on analog transmission.
2. NMT stands for Nordic Mobile Telephone communication.
3. And a very poor voice quality.

• Second Generation(2G) 1991-GSM Launch:

1. Later the second generation of mobile systems was placed on digital transmission with GSM.
2. GSM stands for (Global System for Mobile communication) was the most popular standard which is used in the second generation, using 900MHz and 1800MHz for the frequency bands.
3. The transfer mission used as TMDA stands for (Time Division Multiple Access) and CDMA One stands for (Code Division Multiple’Access) method to increase the amount of information transported on the network.

• Second to Third Generation Bridge (2.5)2000 – GPRS launch:

1. GPRS was introduced here GPRS stands for (General Packet Radio Service).
2. GPRS is a data service which enables mobile devices to send and receive messages, picture messages, and e-mails.
3. GSM data transfer mission rates typically reached 9.6kbit/s.

• Third Generation( 3G) 2003- first UK 3G launch:

1. This generation of mobile systems merges different mobile technology standards and uses higher frequency bands for transfer mission and Code Division Multiple Access to deliver data rates of up to 2Mbit/s supports multimedia services (MMS: voice, video, and data).
2. The data transfer mission used a WCDMA. WCDMA stands for (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access).
3. Few 3G suppliers use ATMs (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) for their ‘over the air’ network within MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) or IP for their backbone network.

• Fourth Generation (4G) 2007:

1. 4G is at the research stage. 4G was based on an Adhoc networking model where there was no need for a fixed infrastructure operation.
2. Adhoc networking requires global mobility features (e.g. Mobile IP) and connectivity to a global IPv6 network to support an IP address for each mobile device.
3. Logically roaming in assorted IP networks (for example 802.11 WLAN, GPRS and UMTS) were be possible with higher data rates, from 2Mbit/s to 10-100Mbit/s, offering reduced delays and new services.

• Fifth Generation (5G) 2019+:

1. 5G is the stage that succeeds the 4G (LTE/ WiMAX), 3G(units), and 2G(GSM) systems.
2. 5G targets to performance the high data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system, capacity, and massive device connectivity.
3. The ITU IMT – 2020 provides speeds up to 20 gigabits per second it has been demonstrated with millimeter waves of 15 gigahertz and higher frequency.