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प्रश्न
Explain the terms 'producer' and 'consumer'. Give two examples of producers and two of consumers.
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उत्तर
Organisms that produce their own food from simple inorganic substances such as water and carbon dioxide are called producers. Examples are green plants and blue-green algae.
Organisms that consume the food prepared by producers are called consumers. Examples are cows and human beings.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Why are green plants called producers?
The first trophic level in a food chain is always a green plant. Why ?
Which category of organisms forms the starting point of a food chain?
Write an aquatic food chain.
What is a trophic level?
At which trophic level a person is feeding when he is eating bread.
In a food chain, the third trophic level is always occupied by :
(a) carnivores
(b) herbivores
(c) decomposers
(d) producers
Which of the following statement is incorrect?
The following is a food chain that ends with human :
How does this food chain differ form a usual food chain involving human such as : plants → goat → human?
Match the terms given in column I with the terms given in column II and column III having the same meaning :
| Column I | Column II | Column III |
| (1) Secondary consumer | Herbivore | 1st trophic level |
| (2) Primary consume | Autotroph | 3rd trophic level |
| (3) Producer | Carnivore | 4th trophic level |
| (4) Tertiary consumer | Large carnivore | 2nd trophic level |
Calculate the amount of energy that will be available to big fish in the following food chain, if 10,000 J of energy is available to small algae from the sun :
Small algae → Zooplankton → Fish → Big fish
An aquatic food chain comprises of the organisms like tadpoles, weeds, fish and water beetles. The organism which gets the minimum energy through this food chain is :
(a) water beetles
(b) tadpoles
(c) weeds
(d) fish
The surface of water in a lake appears green due to a layer of tiny free-floating organisms X on its surface. The lake water also contains organisms like water beetle, fish and tadpole. The sun shines over the lake water and provides energy for the functioning of this lake ecosystem.
(a) What could organisms X be?
(b) Write a food chain comprising of all the four organisms mentioned.
(c) What is the general name of the food chains like the one written above?
(d) Name (i) secondary consumer (ii) producer (iii) tertiary consumer, and (iv) primary consumer, in the above food chain.
(e) If the tertiary consumer gets 0.2 J of energy from the secondary consumer, then how much energy was radiated by the sun to the producer?
A food chain consists of fish, larvae, phytoplanktons and birds. The level of pesticides in water in which the fish, larvae and phytoplanktons live is quite high.
(a) In which organisms the pesticides enter from the polluted water? What is this level of organisms known as?
Your mother always thought that fruit juices are very healthy for everyone. One day she read in the newspaper that some brands of fruit juices in the market have been found to contain certain level of pesticides in them. She got worried as pesticides are injurious to our health.
(a) How would you explain to your mother about fruit juices getting contaminated with pesticides?
(b) It is said that when these harmful pesticides enter our body as well as in the bodies of other organisms they get accumulated and beyond a limit cause harm and damage to our organs. Name the phenomenon and write about it.
The process of accumulation of harmful chemical substances like pesticides, in the body of living organisms at each trophic level of a food chain is known as ______.
Food chains are very important for the survival of most species.
If 10,000 J solar energy falls on green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem, what percentage of solar energy will be converted into food energy?
The food chain begins with the energy given by the ______.
Each level in the food chain is called a ______ level.
