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प्रश्न
Explain menstrual cycle in human females.
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उत्तर
A menstrual cycle is the reproductive cycle in all primates and begins at puberty (menarche).
In human females, menstruation occurs once in 28 to 29 days. The cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called the menstrual cycle. These changes are brought about by ovarian and pituitary hormones. Menstrual phase refers to the beginning of menstruation wherein the endometrium along with its rich blood supply is shed (menses). During this phase, the levels of both the ovarian and the pituitary hormones are low. The level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) starts to increase during the later stages of this phase.
2) The menstrual phase is followed by the follicular phase wherein the primary follicles mature into the Graffian follicle under the influence of FSH and LH. The developing follicles release oestrogen which causes the regeneration of the endometrium. Since the follicles and the endometrium proliferate during the follicular phase, it is also known as the proliferative phase.
3) At the time of ovulation, the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) increases. The LH and FSH are at their peak in the middle of the cycle (14thday) and cause the rupture of the Graafian follicle to release the ovum (ovulation). The remains of the Graafian follicle get converted into corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone for the maintenance of the endometrium in case of pregnancy.
4) In absence of pregnancy, corpus luteum degenerates which causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to mensuration and marking a new cycle.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Draw a graafian follicle and label antrum and secondary oocyte.
the biological/technical terms for Fixing of developing zygote on the uterine wall.
Name the Following
Sloughing of the uterine wall during menstrual flow.
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
Rahini and her parents were watching a television program. An advertisement flashed on the screen which was promoting the use of sanitary napkins. Rahini’s parents suddenly changed the channel, but she objected to her parents and explained the need and importance of such an advertisement.
List out the napkin hygiene measures taken during menstruation?
Match the Columns.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Proliferative phase | a. | Breakdown of the endometrial lining |
| ii. | Secretory phase | b. | Follicular phase |
| iii. | Menstruation | c. | Luteal phase |
Corpus luteum develops from ______.
A biology student after studying the different levels of hormones during the menstrual cycle was comparing 2 subjects (Patients). A table was created after looking at the levels of hormones A and B for Subjects 1 and 2. Read the information in the table and answer the question that follows.
| HORMONE A | HORMONE B | |
| Subject 1 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | Falls down during the luteal phase. |
| Subject 2 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | The level is maintained high in the luteal phase. |
Subject 2 has a higher level of hormone B, which is ______
A biology student after studying the different levels of hormones during the menstrual cycle was comparing 2 subjects (Patients). A table was created after looking at the levels of hormones A and B for Subjects 1 and 2. Read the information in the table and answer the question that follows.
| HORMONE A | HORMONE B | |
| Subject 1 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | Falls down during the luteal phase. |
| Subject 2 | Shows a peak on the 14th Day of the menstrual cycle. | The level is maintained high in the luteal phase. |
Which of the following statements is true about the subjects?
Menstruation is triggered by an abrupt decline in the amount of ______.
Name the following:
The permanent stoppage of menstruation in human females around the age of 45 years.
