Question

Explain any two reasons for the beginning of a long phase of coalition politics in India since 1989.

Answer 1

1. Decline of Congress Dominance: The Congress Party’s loss in the 1989 elections signalled the end of its long period of dominance. Even though it emerged as the single largest party in the Lok Sabha, it did not secure a majority and decided to remain in the opposition. This created an opportunity for non-Congress coalitions, such as the National Front, to form governments with outside support.
2. Rise of Regional and Caste-based Parties: During the 1990s, powerful regional parties and parties representing Dalits and OBCs emerged, expressing regional and social aspirations. These parties gained considerable influence and became key participants in forming coalitions, as no single party was able to win a majority on its own. As a result, coalition politics became essential for forming governments at the Centre.