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प्रश्न
Discuss the spread of Islamic civilisation after the passing away of Prophet Muhammad.
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उत्तर
Muhammad's successors, known as Caliphs or Khalifas, served as both religious and political leaders for Muslims. Muhammad was succeeded by four caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Usman, and Ali. In less than a century, the Khalifas and their generals captured Iran, Syria, Egypt, Central Asia, North Africa, and Spain.
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