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प्रश्न
Define secular trend
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उत्तर
It is a general tendency of time series to increase or decrease or stagnates during a long period of time, an upward tendency is usually observed in population of a country, production, sales, prices in industries, income or individuals etc.
A downward tendency is observed in deaths, epidemics, prices of electronic gadgets, water sources, mortality rate etc.
It is not necessarily that the increase or decrease should be in the same direction throughout the given period of time.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Compute the average seasonal movement for the following series
| Year | Quarterly Production | |||
| I | II | III | IV | |
| 2002 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 |
| 2203 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 3. | 4.1 |
| 2004 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 37 | 4.2 |
| 2005 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 3 | 4.4 |
| 2006 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
The following figures relates to the profits of a commercial concern for 8 years
| Year | Profit (₹) |
| 1986 | 15,420 |
| 1987 | 15,470 |
| 1988 | 15,520 |
| 1989 | 21,020 |
| 1990 | 26,500 |
| 1991 | 31,950 |
| 1992 | 35,600 |
| 1993 | 34,900 |
Find the trend of profits by the method of three yearly moving averages
Find the trend of production by the method of a five-yearly period of moving average for the following data:
| Year | Production ('000) |
| 1979 | 126 |
| 1980 | 123 |
| 1981 | 117 |
| 1982 | 128 |
| 1983 | 125 |
| 1984 | 124 |
| 1985 | 130 |
| 1986 | 114 |
| 1987 | 122 |
| 1988 | 129 |
| 1989 | 118 |
| 1990 | 123 |
The annual production of a commodity is given as follows:
| Year | production (in tones) |
| 1995 | 155 |
| 1996 | 162 |
| 1997 | 171 |
| 19988 | 182 |
| 1999 | 158 |
| 2000 | 880 |
| 2001 | 178 |
Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares
Use the method of monthly averages to find the monthly indices for the following data of production of a commodity for the years 2002, 2003 and 2004
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
| 15 | 20 | 18 |
| 18 | 18 | 25 |
| 17 | 16 | 21 |
| 19 | 13 | 11 |
| 16 | 12 | 14 |
| 20 | 15 | 16 |
| 21 | 22 | 19 |
| 18 | 16 | 20 |
| 17 | 18 | 1 |
| 15 | 20 | 16 |
| 14 | 17 | 18 |
| 18 | 15 | 20 |
Choose the correct alternative:
The components of a time series which is attached to short term fluctuation is
Choose the correct alternative:
Least square method of fitting a trend is
Choose the correct alternative:
The seasonal variation means the variations occurring with in
Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares to the following data
| Year | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 |
| Sales | 50.3 | 52.7 | 49.3 | 57.3 | 56.8 | 60.7 | 62.1 | 58.7 |
The sum of the infinite series `x + (1 + 2)/(2!) x^2 + (1 + 2 + 3)/(3!) x^3 +` .... equals
