Question

Case studies of some couples are given below. They were not able to have kids even though the parents were not taking any precautions. They also do not wish to adopt a child or take the help of donors. Study these cases and suggest an appropriate Assisted Reproductive Technology that could help them.

1. Case I: Female - Normal Reports
   Male - Normal sperms but no connection between epididymis and vas deferens.     [1]
2. Case II: Female - Normal eggs but Fallopian tube blocked.
   Male - Normal sperms. Male reports are normal.     [1]
3. Case III: Female - Normal Reports.
   Male - Low sperm count with less motility.     [1]

Answer 1

1. Retrieve sperm surgically from the epididymis/testis (e.g., PESA/MESA/TESE) and perform intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) so a retrieved single sperm is injected into the oocyte.
2. Bypass the blocked fallopian tube with in‑vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET).
3. Use IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to overcome low sperm count and poor motility; (IUI/AI is an option only for milder male‑factor cases).