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प्रश्न
"Carbon prefers to share its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements rather than gaining or losing the valence electrons in order to attain noble gas configuration." Give reasons to justify this statement.
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उत्तर
Elements forming ionic compounds achieve this by either gaining or losing electrons from the outermost shell. In the case of carbon, it has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain a noble gas configuration. If it were to gain or lose electrons -
- It could gain four electrons forming C4- anion. But it would be difficult for the nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons, that is, four extra electrons.
- It could lose four electrons forming C4+ cation. But it would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two electrons.
Thus, carbon overcomes this problem by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other elements and forms covalent compounds.
संबंधित प्रश्न
What type of bonds are present in water molecule? Draw the electron-dot structure of water (H2O).
What type of bonding would you expect between Hydrogen and Chlorine?
What is the term defined below?
A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons, each bonding atom contributing one electron to the pair.
The following table shows the electronic configuration of the elements W, X, Y, Z:
|
Element |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
|
Electronic |
2,8,1 |
2,8,7 |
2,5 |
1 |
Answer the following questions based on the table above:
What type of bond is formed between Y and Z.
Name gas with a rotten egg smell.
Complete the following activity.
Write the names of the hydrocarbons for the following structural formula.
(isobutylene, cyclohexane, propene, cyclohexene, cyclopentane, benzene, propyne, isobutane, propane)
| \[\begin{array}{cc} \phantom{.........}\ce{H}\\ \phantom{.........}|\\ \ce{H - C ≡ C - C - H}\\ \phantom{.........}|\\ \phantom{.........}\ce{H} \end{array}\] |
Complete the following activity.
Write the names of the hydrocarbons for the following structural formula.
(isobutylene, cyclohexane, propene, cyclohexene, cyclopentane, benzene, propyne, isobutane, propane)
 |
The table shows the electronic structures of four elements.
| Element | Electronic Structure |
| P | 2, 6 |
| Q | 2, 8, 1 |
| R | 2, 8, 7 |
| S | 2, 8, 8 |
- Identify which element(s) will form covalent bonds with carbon.
- “Carbon reacts with an element in the above table to form several compounds.” Give suitable reason.
The number of single and double bonds present in a molecule of benzene (C6H6) respectively, are ______.
In covalent compounds, the bond is formed due to ______ of electrons.
