Question

Analyse demographic transitions theory in the world.

Answer 1

Demographic Transition Theory describes how populations shift over time as societies develop. There are three major stages:

Stage 1: It is characterized by high fertility and mortality due to increased reproduction to adjust for epidemics and fluctuating food supplies. The population increase is slow and the majority of people work in agriculture, where large families are beneficial. People have poor life expectancy, low literacy rates, and little access to technology.

Stage 2: Fertility is initially high but gradually decreases over time. This is associated by lower mortality rates. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions contribute to lower mortality. This difference leads to a significant net increase in population.

Stage 3: Fertility and mortality decrease significantly. The population is either constant or growing slowly. The population is becoming more urbanized, literate, and technologically advanced, with a purposeful control over family size.