Topics
Introduction to Macro Economics
- Limitations of Macroeconomics
- Economy and Its Types
- Economic Systems
- Macroeconomics
- Circular Flow of Income
National Income
- Concept of National Income
- Income Method
- Importance of National Income Analysis
- National Income and Social Accounting
Theories of Employment and Income
- The Concept of Full Employment
- Types of Unemployment
- Classical Theory of Employment
- Keynes's View on Full Employment
- Comparison of Classicism and Keynesianism
Consumption and Investment Functions
- Introduction to Consumption and Investment Functions
- Consumption
- Investment
- Multiplier
- The Accelerator Principle
- Super Multiplier: (K and β Interaction)
Monetary Economics
- Monetary Economics
- Concept of Money
- Supply of Money
- Quantity Theories of Money
- Inflation
- Meaning of Deflation, Disinflation and Stagflation
- Trade Cycle
Banking
- Banking
- The Historical Development of Banks in India
- Commercial Banks
- Non-banking Financial Institution (NBFI)
- Central Bank
- The Agricultural Refinance Development Corporation (ARDC)
- Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
- National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
- Reserve Bank of India and Industrial Finance
- Monetary Policy
- Recent Advancements in Banking Sector
- Capital Market
- Demonetisation
International Economics
- Introduction to International Economics
- Meaning of International Economics
- Subject Matter of International Economics
- Concept of Trade
- Theories of International Trade
- Gains from International Trade
- Terms of Trade
- Balance of Trade Vs Balance of Payments
- Exchange Rate
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Trade
International Economic Organisations
- Introduction to International Economic Organisations
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- World Bank
- World Trade Organisation (WTO)
- Trade Blocks
- South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC)
- Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- BRICS
Fiscal Economics
- Introduction to Fiscal Economics
- Public Finance
- Subject Matter / Scope of Public Finance
- Difference Between Public Finance and Private Finance
- Functions of Modern State
- Structure of Public Finance > Public Expenditure
- Types of Taxes
- Structure of Public Finance > Public Debt
- Budget
- Federal Finance
- History of Finance Commission
- Local Finance
Environmental Economics
- Introduction to Environmental Economics
- Meaning of Environment
- Linkage Between Economy and Environment
- Environmental Quality
- Pollution
- Climate Change
- e-wastes
- Concept of Sustainable Development
- Green Initiatives
- Types of Farming in India > Organic Farming
- Tree Plantation
- Seed Ball
Economics of Development and Planning
- Meaning of Development and Underdevelopment
- Difference Between Economic Growth and Economic Development
- Measurement of Economic Development
- Determinants of Economic Development
- Economic and Non-economic Factors
- Causes of Poverty
- Types of Planning
- NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)
Introduction to Statistical Methods and Econometrics
- Etymology and Milestones of Statistics in Global Level
- Evolution of Statistics in India
- Definitions of Statistics
- Characteristics and Functions of Statistics
- Nature of Statistics
- Scope of Statistics for Economics
- Limitations of Statistics
- Types of Statistics
- Data
- Standard Deviation
- Correlation
- Regression
- Introduction to Econometrics
- Official Statistics
- Introduction
- Definitions
CISCE: Class 12
Definitions: Exchange Rate
- According to Anatol Murad, “The ratio at which one country's currency can be exchanged for another is the rate of exchange between these two currencies.”
- According to Haines, “Exchange rate is the price of one currency stated in terms of another currency.”
- According to Sayers, “The prices of currencies in terms of each other are called foreign exchange rate.”
- According to Crowther, “The rate of exchange measures number of units of one currency which is exchanged in the foreign market for one unit of another.”
