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Phenol and formaldehyde undergo condensation to give a polymar (A) which on heating with formaldehyde gives a thermosetting polymer (B). Name the polymers. Write the reactions involved in the formation of (A). What is the structural difference between two polymers?
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Convert the following:
Chloroethane to methanamine.
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Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points:
A: Butanamine
B: N, N-Dimethylethanamine
C: N- Etthylethanaminamine
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Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Tertiary amines are more basic than corresponding secondary and primary amines in gaseous state.
Reason (R): Tertiary amines have three alkyl groups which cause +I effect.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
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Give reasons:
(CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
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Assertion (A): Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property.
Reason (R): The lowering of vapour pressure of solution causes elevation in boiling point.
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Auto-oxidation of chloroform in air and sunlight produces a poisonous gas known as ______.
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Draw the zwitter ion structure for sulphanilic acid.
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If the molality of a dilute solution is doubled, the value of the molal elevation constant (Kb) will be ______.
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Explain why (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in aqueous solution.
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Give a reason for the following observations:
Amino acids behave like salts.
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Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g of MgCl2 to 200 g of water, assuming MgCl2 is completely dissociated.
(Kb for Water = 0.512 K kg mol−1, Molar mass MgCl2 = 95 g mol−1)
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Which of the following aqueous solution will have the highest boiling point?
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Write the equation for the following:
Oxidation of chloroform by air and light.
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In the reaction \[\ce{C6H5NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH -> A + 3B + 3C}\] the product A is:
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A solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green, but a solution of [Ni(CO)4] is colourless. Explain.
[Atomic number: Ni = 28]
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Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
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The lead-acid battery represents the oldest rechargeable battery technology. Lead acid batteries can be found in a wide variety of applications including small-scale power storage such as UPS systems, ignition power sources for automobiles, along with large, grid-scale power systems. The spongy lead act as the anode and lead dioxide as the cathode. Aqueous sulphuric acid is used as an electrolyte. The half-reactions during discharging of lead storage cells are: Anode: \[\ce{Pb(s) + SO^{2-}_4 (aq) -> PbSO4 (s) + 2e-}\] Cathode: \[\ce{PbO (s) + 4H+ (aq) + SO^{2-}_4 (aq) + 2e- -> PbSO(s) + 2 H2O}\] There is no safe way of disposal and these batteries end - up in landfills. Lead and sulphuric acid are extremely hazardous and pollute soil, water as well as air. Irrespective of the environmental challenges it poses, lead-acid batteries have remained an important source of energy. Designing green and sustainable battery systems as alternatives to conventional means remains relevant. Fuel cells are seen as the future source of energy. Hydrogen is considered a green fuel. Problem with fuel cells at present is the storage of hydrogen. Currently, ammonia and methanol are being used as a source of hydrogen for fuel cell. These are obtained industrially, so add to the environmental issues. If the problem of storage of hydrogen is overcome, is it still a “green fuel?” Despite being the most abundant element in the Universe, hydrogen does not exist on its own so needs to be extracted from the water using electrolysis or separated from carbon fossil fuels. Both of these processes require a significant amount of energy which is currently more than that gained from the hydrogen itself. In addition, this extraction typically requires the use of fossil fuels. More research is being conducted in this field to solve these problems. Despite the problem of no good means to extract Hydrogen, it is a uniquely abundant and renewable source of energy, perfect for our future zero-carbon needs. |
Answer the following questions:
- How many coulombs have been transferred from anode to cathode in order to consume one mole of sulphuric acid during the discharging of lead storage cell?
- How much work can be extracted by using lead storage cell if each cell delivers about 2.0 V of voltage? (1 F = 96500 C)
- Do you agree with the statement – “Hydrogen is a green fuel.” Give your comments for and against this statement and justify your views.
OR
Imagine you are a member of an agency funding scientific research. Which of the following projects will you fund and why?
- safe recycling of lead batteries
- extraction of hydrogen
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Give the IUPAC name of the following compound:
\[\ce{(CCl3)3CCl}\]
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Name and draw the structure of the repeating unit in natural rubber.
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Give the IUPAC names of the following componus:
\[\ce{CICH2C =CCH2Br}\]
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