Science (Hindi Medium) कक्षा १२ - CBSE Question Bank Solutions

Answer in about 50 words.

You are the Student Head, Cultural Affairs, at M.K. Sr. Sec. School. Your school is organising a 2-day Yoga camp over the weekend, for parents of the school students. Create an invitation, inviting the school parents for this Yoga camp. Share information about the camp organisers and include other necessary details.

Answer in about 50 words.

Smt. Leelavati Khatri, your grandmother, has received an invitation from her childhood friend, residing at a distance in the same city. The invite is for the blessing ceremony and celebratory dinner, marking the birth of her granddaughter. Your grandmother wishes to attend the event but would need to be accompanied by a family member to assist her with her wheelchair. Create an appropriate reply, accepting this invitation, on behalf of your grandmother.

Answer the following question in about 40-50 words.

How can we say that the vadai packet incident reveals that the writer lacked the cognitive and emotional maturity required to understand the implications of untouchability?

Your school has invited a group of foreign students to attend your Annual Day function. Draft an invitation in 50 words to the guests and parents of the students. Also, state the day, date and time of the function. You are Dr. Ahluwalia, Principal, of Rohtak Public School.

Answer the following in about 120-150 words.

Both Bama and Zitkala-Sa were from marginalised communities. They challenged the system to bring dignity into their lives. Justify.

You are Sarla Dutta, proprietor of Child's Planet, a showroom of children's educational toys. Draft a formal printed invitation in 50 words to be sent to your patrons, friends and relatives inviting them to the opening of the new showroom. Give details such as day, date, time and venue.

You are invited by a friend of yours to spend some days at his/her village near Manali during the summer vacation. Respond to his/her invitation. (50 words) Mention the day, date, time and venue.

You are Vineeta/Vinay Sharma. Draft a formal letter of reply in about 50 words, declining the invitation to dinner on 28th February at Army Parade Grounds being hosted by Major J. P. Gautam. Mention the day, date, time and venue.

Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:

1. Who is the speaker? Who is he speaking to? (1)
   1. Appa; Bama
   2. Bama; Amma
   3. Bama; The Zamindar
   4. Annan; Bama
2. Select the option that best describes the speaker in the above extract: (1)
   I. marginalized
   II. practical
   III. idealistic
   IV. curious
   V. aggressive
   Select the most appropriate option:
   1. I and II
   2. III and IV
   3. II and IV
   4. IV and V
3. Complete the following statement with reference to the community: (1)
   The treatment meted out to the community was ______.
4. Which of the following summarizes the author's opinion about the study? (1)
   1. Childhood should be spent in experiential learning.
   2. Studying is better than playing.
   3. Studying is essential to the nation's development.
   4. Studying leads to social reforms and progress.

You are Kavita/Karan Sharma. Draft a formal letter of reply in 50 words, accepting the invitation to be the Guest of Honour on 28th February at the Inter-School Debate Competition being organised by Priti Public School. Mention the day, date, time and venue.

As Naina/Niraj Gupta, Principal of Harmony Public School, draft a formal invitation to parents in 50 words, inviting them to attend an orientation workshop on Effective Parenting by Dr. S. K. Hridhay. Mention the day, date, time and venue.

As Dr. Sinha, Secretary of Army Wives Welfare Association, draft a formal letter of invitation in 50 words for the members to attend a lecture on 'Yoga and its Benefits' to be delivered by an eminent Yoga guru. Mention the day, date, time and venue.

You are Shanti/Shivam Deshpande. You have been invited to be the Master of Ceremonies at an award function, Puraskar for budding journalists. Write a reply in 50 words declining the invitation, expressing your inability to attend due to a personal commitment. Mention the day, date, time and venue.

Q1 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

1. Too many parents these days can't say no, As a result, they find themselves raising 'children' who respond greedily to the advertisements aimed right at them. Even getting what they want doesn't satisfy some kids; they only want more. Now, a growing number of psychologists, educators, and parents think it's time to stop the madness and start teaching kids about what's really important: values like hard work, contentment, honesty, and compassion. The struggle to set limits has never been tougher ‒ and the stakes have never been higher. One recent study of adults who were overindulged as children paints a discouraging picture of their future: when given too much too soon, they grow up to be adults who have difficulty coping with life's disappointments. They also have a distorted sense of entitlement that gets in the way of success in the workplace and in relationships.

2. Psychologists say that parents who overindulge their kids set them up to be more vulnerable to future anxiety and depression. Today's parents themselves raised on values of thrift and self-sacrifice, grew up in a culture where no was a household word. Today's kids want much more, partly because there is so much more to want. The oldest members of this generation were born in the late 1980s, just as PCs and video games were making their assault on the family room. They think of MP3 players and flat-screen TV as essential utilities, and they have developed strategies to get them. One survey of teenagers found that when they crave something new, most expect to ask nine times before their parents give in. By every measure, parents are shelling out record amounts. In the heat of this buying blitz, even parents who desperately need to say no find themselves reaching for their credit cards.

3. Today's parents aren't equipped to deal with the problem. Many of them, raised in the 1960s and '70s, swore they'd act differently from their parents and have closer relationships with their own children. Many even wear the same designer clothes as their kids and listen to the same music. And they work more hours; at the end of a long week, it's tempting to buy peace with 'yes' and not mar precious family time with conflict. Anxiety about the future is another factor. How do well-intentioned parents say no to all the sports gear and arts and language lessons they believe will help their kids thrive in an increasingly competitive world? Experts agree: too much love won't spoil a child. Too few limits will.

4. What parents need to find, is a balance between the advantages of an affluent society and the critical life lessons that come from waiting, saving, and working hard to achieve goals. That search for balance has to start early. Children need limits on their behaviour because they feel better and more secure when they live within a secure structure. Older children learn self-control by watching how others, especially parents act. Learning how to overcome challenges is essential to becoming a successful adult. Few parents ask kids to do chores. They think their kids are already overburdened by social and academic pressures. Every individual can be of service to others, and life has meaning beyond one's own immediate happiness. That means parents eager to teach values have to take a long, hard look at their own.

(a) Answer the following:

Read the passage given below :

1. When you grow up in a place where it rains five months a year, wise elders help you to get acquainted with the rain early. They teach you that it is ignorant to think that it is the same rain falling every day. Oh no, the rain is always doing different things at different times. There is rain that is gentle, and there is also rain that falls too hard and damages the crops. Hence, the prayer for the sweet rain that helps the crops to grow.

2. The monsoon in the Naga hills goes by the native name, khuthotei (which means the rice-growing season). It lasts from May to early or mid-October. The local residents firmly believe that Durga Puja in October announces the end of rain. After that, one might expect a couple of short winter showers, and the spring showers in March and April. Finally, comes the "big rain" in May; proper rainstorms accompanied by heart-stopping lightning and ear-splitting thunder. I have stood out in storms looking at lightning are across dark skies, a light-and-sound show that can go on for hours.

3. This is the season when people use the word sezuo or süzu to refer to the week-long rains, when clothes don't dry and smell of mould, when fungus forms on the floor and when you can't see the moon or the stars because of the rainclouds. But you learn not to complain. Rain, after all, is the farmer's friend and brings food to the table. Rituals and festivals centre around the agricultural rhythm of life, which is the occupation of about 70 percent of the population.

4. The wise learn to understand its ways. I grew up hearing my grandfather say. "It's very windy this year. We'll get good rain." If the windy season was short and weak, he worried there might not be enough rain for the crops. I learned the interconnectedness of the seasons from childhood, and marvelled at how the wind could bring rain. Another evening, many rainy seasons ago, my paternal aunt observed the new moon and worried, "Its legs are in the air, we're in for some heavy rain." She was right. That week, a storm cut off power lines and brought down trees and bamboos.

5. Eskimos boast of having a hundred names for snow. Norwegians in the north can describe all kinds of snow by an equal amount of names : pudder, powder snow, wet snow, slaps, extra wet snow, tight snowfall, dry snow, and at least 95 more categories of snow. Likewise, in India we have names and names for rain. Some are common, some are passing into history.

6. The rains are also called after flowering plants and people believe that the blossoming of those plants draws out rain. Once the monsoons set in, field work is carried out in earnest and the work of uprooting and transplanting paddy in flooded terrace fields is done. The months of hard labour are June, July and August. In August, as the phrogü plant begins to bloom, a rain will fall. this August rain, also called phrogü, is a sign that the time for cultivation is over. If any new grain seeds are sown, they may not sprout; even if they do sprout, they are not likely to bear grain. The rain acts as a kind of farmer's almanac.

7. The urban population of school-goers and office-goers naturally dislikes the monsoon and its accompanying problems of landslides, muddy streets and periodic infections. For non-farmers, the month of September can be depressing, when the rainfall is incessant and the awareness persists that the monsoons will last out till October. One needs to have the heart of a farmer to remain grateful for the watery days, and be able to observe – from what seems to the inexperienced as a continuous downpour – the many kinds of rain. Some of the commonly known rain-weeks are named after the plants that alternately bloom in August and September. The native belief is that the flowers draw out the rain.
8. Each rain period has a job to fulfil : October rain helps garlic bulbs to form, while kümünyo rain helps the rice bear grain. Without it, the ears of rice cannot form properly. End October is the most beautiful month in the Naga hills, as the fields turn gold and wild sunflowers bloom over the slopes, all heralding the harvest. Prayers go up for protecting the fields from storms, and the rains to retreat because the grain needs to stand in the sun and ripen. The cycle nears completion a few weeks before the harvest, and the rain does retreat so thoroughly from the reaped furrows that the earth quickly turns hard. The months of rain become a distant memory until it starts all over again.

On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, complete the statements given below with the help of options that follow:
a) The rains are called after flowering plants because

b) The rain is like a calendar for farmers because

c) People who live in cities don't like rain because

d) People pray asking the rain the retreat because

Answer the following questions briefly:
e) Why do the elders want you to understand the rains in the Naga hills?

f) What does Durga Puja mean to the farmers of the Naga hills?

g) What kind of rain is called sezuo?

h) What is the occupation of more than half the population of the Naga hills?

i) How is the heart of the farmer different from that of the city person?

j) When does rain becomes a memory in the minds of the of the Naga hills?

k) Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following:

 Read the passage given below:

1. Every morning Ravi gives his brain an extra boost. We're not talking about drinking strong cups of coffee or playing one of those mind-training video games advertised all over Facebook. "I jump onto my stationary bike and cycle for 45 minutes to work," says Ravi. "When I get to my desk, my brain is at peak activity for a few hours." After his mental focus comes to a halt later in the day, he starts it with another short spell of cycling to be able to run errands.

2. Ride, work, ride, repeat. It's scientifically proven system that describes some unexpected benefits of cycling. In a recent study in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, scientists found that people scored higher on tests of memory, reasoning, and planning after 30 minutes of spinning on a stationary bike than they did before they rode the bike. They also completed the tests faster after pedalling.

3. Exercise is like fertilizer for your brain. All those hours spent on exercising your muscles, create rich capillary beds not only in leg and hip muscles, but also in your brain. More blood vessels in your brain and muscles mean more oxygen and nutrients to help them work. When you pedal, you also force more nerve cells to fire. The result: you double or triple the production of these cells – literally building your brain. You also release neurotransmitters (the messengers between your brain cells) so all those cells, new and old, can communicate with each other for better, faster functioning. 'That's a pretty profound benefit to cyclists.

4. This kind of growth is especially important with each passing birthday, because as we age, our brains shrink and those connections weaken. Exercise restores and protects the brain cells. Neuroscientists say, "Adults who exercise display sharper memory skills, higher concentration levels, more fluid thinking, and greater problem-solving ability than those who are sedentary."

5. Cycling also elevates your mood, relieves anxiety, increases stress resistance, and even banishes the blues. "Exercise works in the same way as psychotherapy and antidepressants in the treatment of depression, maybe better," says Dr. Manjari. A recent study analyzing 26 years of research finds that even some exercise – as little as 20 to 30 minutes a day – can prevent depression over the long term.

6. Remember: although it's healthy, exercise itself is a stress, especially when you're just getting started or getting back into riding. When you first begin to exert yourself, your body releases a particular hormone to raise your heart  rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, says Meher Ahluwalia, PhD, a professor of integrative physiology. As you get fitter, it takes a longer, harder ride to trigger that same response.
On the basis of your understanding of the passage, complete the statements given below with the help of the options that follow:

(a) Ravi gets his brain to work at peak level by

(b) When nerve cells work during exercise then

Answer the following questions briefly:
(c) How does exercise help the brain?
(d) Why does Ravi do a circuit of 'ride, work, ride'?
(e) What is the work of neurotransmitters?
(f) What benefits other than greater brain activity does one get from cycling?
(g) Why is exercise so important for adults?
(h) How is exercise itself a stress?

Read the passage given below.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

1. Cite a point in evidence, from the text, to suggest that the writer's post-Jaws fear was not justified.
2. State any one trait of the writer that is evident from lines 5-10 and provide a reason for your choice.
3. People thought the writer was ‘either brave or very stupid’. Why did some people think that he was ‘very stupid’?
4. Why does the writer say that people who know sharks intimately tend to be least afraid of them?
5. Rewrite the given sentence by replacing the underlined phrase with another one, from lines 10-20.
   Some academicians think that reward, as a form of discipline, is a simple right or wrong issue.
6. What does the use of the phrase ‘benign light’ suggest in the context of the writer’s viewpoint about tiger sharks?
7. Select a suitable phrase from lines 15-25 to complete the following sentence appropriately.
   I agree the team will find this experience tough, but competing will be easier next time after they get this tournament ______
8. Apex predators serve to keep prey numbers in check. How can we say that tiger sharks are apex predators?
9. Analyse why having a large litter is one of the features that empower tiger sharks to emerge, winners, if global warming persists.

Read the passage given below.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

1. What does the researcher mean by ‘changing food preferences'?
2. Why was this survey on the food consumption of adolescents undertaken?
3. With reference to the above figure, write one conclusion about students' consumption of energy-dense drinks.
4. What can be concluded from the ‘no intake’ data of fruit consumption versus energy-dense snacks, with reference to the above figure?
5. There were gender differences observed in the consumption of healthy foods, according to the survey. Substantiate.
6. Why is ‘affordability’ recommended as a significant feature of a school canteen policy?
7. Identify a word from lines 9-18 indicating that the questionnaire was specifically designed to be completed by a respondent without the intervention of the researcher collecting the data.

Read the passage given below.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(i) Complete the sentence by choosing an appropriate option. (1)

Ghost nets have been named so because they ______

1. cause much harm to the marine life.
2. are functional though not in use by fishers.
3. are not owned by anyone.
4. act as a snare for all animals in oceans.

(ii) Comment on the writer’s reference to the ghost nets in paragraph one, as a health problem for the oceans. (1)

(iii) List the two ways being entangled in a ghost net is likely to impact a walrus. (1)
(Clue: Think about the type of animal a walrus is)

(iv) Select the option that conveys the opposite of ‘negligible’, from words used in paragraph two. (1)

1. unimpressive
2. monumental
3. exposing
4. threat

(v) The writer would agree with the given statements based on paragraph three, EXCEPT: (1)

1. Most ghost nets take a few years to completely disintegrate.
2. Ghost nets contribute to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
3. Most ghost nets provide nutrition to marine animals, upon disintegration.
4. Ghost nets can curtail freedom of marine animals.

(vi) Some records share that fishing nets used to be made of common rope using natural fibres, prior to the 1960s. Based on your understanding of paragraph three, list one major advantage that these had over the fishing nets being used in present times. (1)

(vii) Why is it fair to say that commitment and innovation have to go hand-in-hand to rid the oceans of ghost nets? (1)

(viii) Complete the given sentence with an appropriate inference, with respect to the following: (1)   

The writer quotes the example of the WWF-led mission in the Baltic Sea (Paragraph 4), in order to ______.

(ix) How can the solutions, suggested in paragraph five, best be described? (1)

1. practical
2. presentable
3. popular
4. prejudiced

(x) Select the most suitable title for the above passage. (1)

1. The Scary Side of Ghost Nets
2. Ghost Nets – A Result of Human Dominance
3. Ghost Nets – A Menace to Marine Life
4. Ways to Tackle the Problem of Ghost Nets

Read the passage given below.

Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below.

(i) Does the following statement agree with the information given in paragraph 1? (1)

The researcher believes that educational institutions have ideal resources to study impact of leadership skills on young adults.

Select from the following:

1. True - if the statement agrees with the information
2. False - if the statement contradicts the information
3. Not Given - if there is no information on this

(ii) Do you think the researchers of the study aimed to change the students’ outlook towards the development of leadership skills, directly or indirectly? Support your answer with reference to the text. (1)

(iii) Select the option that displays the most likely reason for including Research Question 3 in the 2014 study. (1)

In order to find out if... 

1. learning opportunities shape students’ overall personality.
2. leadership lessons are the result of the designed learning opportunities.
3. all learning opportunities cater to a specific lesson.
4. certain lessons are common in more than one learning opportunity.

(iv) Complete the sentence based on the following statement. (1)

More than 50% of the identified student respondents were keen to participate in the 2014 study.

We can say this because ______.

(v) Select the option that displays the key event designed with “Balancing Roles” (Table 1) as the objective. (1)

1. Students will be able to debate the issue at hand, with different teams.
2. Students will be able to manage the responsibilities of a mentor, planner researcher and presenter.
3. Students will be able to surmount minor problems and focus on the final goal.
4. Students will be able to explain concepts and clarify them for peers.

(vi) Complete the given sentence by selecting the most appropriate option. (1)

The 2014 study attempts to understand student leadership by focussing on ______

1. experiences that shaped students’ overall personality.
2. lessons gained by students as they grew up.
3. relationship of key events with particular lessons.
4. students in leadership roles.

(vii) The lessons for ‘Individual competencies’ had a range of responses. (1)
Give one reason why having the least number of responses for ‘Decision Making’, is a matter that needs attention.

(viii) Complete the given sentence by selecting the most appropriate option. (1)

The concluding sentence of the text makes a clear case for ______ by listing it as a core competency for student leadership.

1. collaboration
2. flexibility
3. hard work
4. observation

(ix) Complete the sentence appropriately with one/two words. (1)

In the context of “Working with Others” in Table 1, the lesson of ‘Conflict’ refers to ______.

(x) Based on the reading of the text, state a point to challenge the given statement. (1)

When theoretical knowledge about leadership suffices, it is a waste of funds by educational organisations, to organise leadership camps and programmes.