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| Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development. In spite of the development of sources of irrigation, most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge. Agriculture which provides a livelihood for more than 60 percent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc, were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. 'Land reform' was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. |
What was the main focus of the 'First Five Year Plan'?
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| Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development. In spite of the development of sources of irrigation, most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge. Agriculture which provides a livelihood for more than 60 percent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc, were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. 'Land reform' was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. |
What was the serious challenge for the growing population?
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| Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development. In spite of the development of sources of irrigation, most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge. Agriculture which provides a livelihood for more than 60 percent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc, were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. 'Land reform' was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. |
Did agriculture provide livelihood to how much population?
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| Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development. In spite of the development of sources of irrigation, most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge. Agriculture which provides a livelihood for more than 60 percent of its population, needs some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc, were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after Independence. 'Land reform' was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. |
Which right had lead to the fragmentation of land holdings?
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Examine the role of Information Technology in stimulating the process of globalization.
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Which of the following statement is true regarding Feminist Movements?
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Explain the significance of The Reserve Bank of India in the Indian economy.
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Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
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Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada Movement is a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) that mobilized tribal people, farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujarat. It originally focused on the environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water. Recently it has re-focused the aim to enable poor citizens, especially the oustees (displaced people) to get full rehabilitation facilities from the government. People felt that their suffering would not be in vain… accepted the trauma of displacement believing in the promise of irrigated fields and plentiful harvests. So, often the survivors of Rihand told us that they accepted their sufferings as sacrifices for the sake of their nation. But now, after thirty bitter years of being adrift, their livelihood even more precarious, they keep asking: “Are we the only ones chosen to make sacrifices for the nation?” |
- With what objective ‘Sardar Sarovar Dam’ was built?
- Analyse the reason for the protest by the tribal people.
- Highlight the issues on which the ‘Save Narmada Movement’ worked.
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Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
| Power-sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way political parties, pressure groups, and movements control or influence those in power. In a democracy, the citizens must have the freedom to choose among various contenders for power. In contemporary democracies, this takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. In the long run, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct when two or more parties form an alliance to contest elections. If their alliance is elected, they form a coalition government and thus share power. In a democracy, we find interest groups such as those of traders, businessmen, industrialists, farmers, and industrial workers. They also will have a share in governmental power, either through participation in governmental committees or by bringing influencing the decision-making process. |
- ‘Power sharing is an essential component of democracy.’ Give one example to prove the statement.
- How is alliance building an example of power-sharing?
- How do Political parties, pressure groups, and movements help in controlling or influencing those who are in power?
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"Democracies accommodate social diversities and provide dignity and freedom to the citizens." Justify the statement.
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"Technology is the vital force in the modern form of globalisation." Explain the statement with suitable examples.
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"Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed to a large extent in 1991?" Analyse the statement in the context of India.
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Which one of the following organizations prepares the 'World Development Report'?
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Assume there are four families in a locality. If the income of each family is ₹ 6,000, ₹ 4000, ₹ 7,000 and ₹ 3,000 then find out the average income of the locality from the following options:
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Which one of the following is an activity of the unorganised sector?
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Distinguish between formal and informal sources of credit.
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"In modern democracies, power sharing arrangements can take many forms." Explain the statement.
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Explain any two efforts taken by the Government of India to modernise agriculture.
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"Liberalisation of foreign trade and foreign investment policy have shown far reaching changes in India." Support the statement with suitable arguments.
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Read the given source and answer the questions that follow:
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DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA This new system of local government is the largest experiment in democracy conducted anywhere in the world. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and municipalities etc., all over the country. This number is bigger than the population of many countries in the world. Constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in our country. It has also increased women's representation and voice in our democracy. At the same time, there are many difficulties. while elections are held regularly of Panchayats and people participate enthusiastically in it but meetings of gram sabhas are not held regularly. |
- Why is Indian decentralisation considered as the largest experiment in democracy?
- Analyse how constitutional status for local government has helped to deepen democracy in India?
- Explain any two steps taken by the Indian Government for decentralisation.
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