A molecule made up of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups, which stores and releases energy by breaking phosphate bonds for cellular activities, is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Definitions [6]
Definition: ATP
Definition: Glycolysis
The process occurring in the cytoplasm where one glucose molecule is stepwise oxidized to form two molecules each of pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH₂, and water is called glycolysis.
Definition: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle)
The cyclic series of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, where acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized to produce CO₂, H₂O, NADH₂, and FADH₂, is called the tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle.
Definition: Electron Transfer Chain Reaction
The process occurring in the mitochondria, where NADH₂ and FADH₂ release electrons to form ATP and water, producing 3 ATP from each NADH₂ and 2 ATP from each FADH₂, is called the electron transfer chain reaction.
Answer the following question.
What is RQ?
- Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) or respiratory ratio is the ratio of volume of CO2 released to the volume of O2 consumed in respiration.
- R.Q. = `("Volume of CO"_2 "released")/("Volume of O"_2 "consumed")`
Define RQ.
Respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the volume of oxygen consumed in respiration over a period of time.
Key Points
Key Points: ATP
- ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell, storing energy in its phosphate bonds and releasing it when needed.
- ATP consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups, and is formed in cells to meet energy demands.
- When carbohydrates are lacking, the body uses lipids and proteins, which are converted into acetyl-CoA and oxidized via the Krebs cycle for energy.
Concepts [11]
- Production of ATP
- Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Fermentation
- Respiratory Balance Sheet
- Amphibolic Pathways
- Utility of Stepwise Oxidation
- Respiratory Quotient
