Definitions [10]
Define the term ‘population’.
The term ‘population’ refers to all the people who live in a particular area, city or country.
Define population density.
Population density refers to the number of people living in a unit area of space, such as a square kilometre.
Define the following: Overpopulation
It is an undesirable condition where the number of people in a given area exceeds the availability of resources to meet the needs of all the people. In an over-populated environment, the number of people might be more than the available essential materials for survival like food, clothes, water, shelter, transport, etc.
Define the following: Under population
It is a condition where the number of people living in a given area is less in relation to the available resources of a country. This happens when there are not enough people to make full use of resources such as land, water, forests and the available technology.
Define the following: Birth rate
It is the number of live births per year per 1000 of the population.
The formula for calculating birth rate is
`"Birth rate" = "Number of births"/"Total population" xx 1000`
Define the following:
Family planning
It is the process of controlling the number of children that a person has and the intervals between their births.
Family planning means having children by choice, not by chance. It involves two things: limiting family size and proper spacing between children, allowing population control by deliberate decision rather than accidental pregnancy.
Define the following: Death rate
It is the number of deaths per year per 1000 of the population. It is calculated as
`"Death rate" = "Number of deaths"/"Total population" xx 1000`
Define the following: Life expectancy
It is the number of years that a person is likely to live. It is calculated as the average life span of a population.
Define the following: Demography
It refers to the study of population of a place especially of humans, based on physical, socio-cultural and economic factors such as age and sex, language, religion, economic status, literacy, marital status, etc.
Define the following: Population pyramid
It is specially designed diagram that shows the age and sex composition of a population. It is also called as age-sex pyramid.
