- Born: 23 January 1897, Cuttack (Odisha)
- Cleared ICS, but resigned to oppose British rule
- Believed British rule and India’s freedom were incompatible
- Entered politics at 24
- Became a Swarajist
- Favoured assertive and militant methods over Gandhian approach
- Believed in action and agitation for Swaraj
Key Points
Key Points: Subhas Chandra Bose: A Revolutionary Leader for Swaraj
Key Points: Bose and The Congress
- Active in Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience
- Congress President (1938); promoted planning & mass struggle
- Differences with Gandhiji over methods, industry, World War II
- Won Tripuri election (1939) against Gandhi’s nominee
- Faced opposition → Resigned as President (1939)
Key Points: Forward Bloc
- Forward Bloc (1939): Formed by Subhas Chandra Bose to unite the left wing of the Congress
- Aim: Immediate freedom with support of workers, peasants & youth
- Future Goal: Socialist state; end zamindari; socialist agriculture & industry
- Arrest & Escape: Arrested in 1940 → house arrest → escaped in 1941
- Abroad: Reached Germany; led Free India activities; radio broadcasts
- South-East Asia: Indian Independence League formed to aid India’s freedom struggle
Key Points: Indian National Army (INA)
- Formed by: Mohan Singh
- Helped by: Japan
- Members: Indian POWs
- Aim: Free India by force
1942 Conferences:
- Tokyo: Decide to form INA
- Bangkok: Invite Subhas Bose, set leadership
Key Points: Contribution of Subhas Chandra Bose along with the Objectives of the INA
- Led freedom struggle from abroad
- Took charge of INA (1943) as Supreme Commander
- Reorganised INA; opened training camps
- Formed Rani Jhansi Regiment (women’s unit)
- Set up Provisional Government of Free India
- INA motto: Unity, Faith, Sacrifice
- Aim: Armed struggle to free India
Key Points: Provisional Government of Free India
- Formed by Subhas Chandra Bose on 21 Oct 1943 at Singapore
- Declared war on Britain and USA
- Recognised by Japan, Germany, Italy, Burma, Thailand
- Aim: Expel British and establish Azad Hind government
- HQ shifted to Rangoon (1944)
- Got Andaman & Nicobar Islands → renamed Shaheed & Swaraj
- Famous slogans: “Delhi Chalo”, “Jai Hind”, “Give me blood, I’ll give you freedom”
Key Points: Achievements and Fate of the INA and Netaji
- Netaji led INA from abroad
- Supreme Commander (1943)
- Formed Azad Hind Government
- Slogans: Delhi Chalo, Jai Hind
- INA fought British (1944)
- Tricolour hoisted in India
- INA defeated after Japan’s surrender
- Netaji died in 1945 (plane crash)
Key Points: Impact of the INA
- Boosted patriotism and courage
- Inspired revolts in armed forces (1946 Naval Revolt)
- INA trials sparked nationwide protests
- INA soldiers hailed as national heroes
- British released INA officers under pressure
- Shook British confidence in Indian forces
- Accelerated end of British rule
Important Questions [4]
- The heroism of the Indians was revealed by the courage of Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army. Mention any three objectives of the Forward Bloc.
- Read the two statements given below and select the option that shows the correct relationship between (A) and (R): Assertion (A): Forward Bloc had the objective of abolishing Zamindari System.
- State two important objectives of the Indian National Army.
- The heroism of the Indians was revealed by the courage of Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army. Who was the founder of the Indian National Army?
