- Carboxylic acids are carbon compounds with a –COOH group and have acidic nature.
- Types:
- Monocarboxylic acids have one –COOH group (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid)
- Dicarboxylic acids have two –COOH groups (e.g., oxalic acid) - IUPAC Naming: Replace the ‘e’ of the corresponding alkane with ‘oic acid’ (e.g., ethane → ethanoic acid); also called alkanoic acids.
Definitions [1]
Definition: Carboxylic Acid
An organic compound containing the carboxyl group (-COOH) is known as carboxylic acid. These compounds possess acidic properties.
Formulae [1]
Formula: Carboxylic Acid
General formula: CnH2n+1COOH (or RCOOH)
Functional group:
Key Points
Key Points: Carboxylic Acid
Key Points: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Solubility: Decreases with an increase in the size of the hydrocarbon part.
- Miscibility: Lower carboxylic acids (up to 4 C atoms) are miscible with water due to H-bonding.
- Boiling point: Carboxylic acids have higher B.P. than ketones, aldehydes, and alcohols of comparable molecular mass due to intermolecular H-bonding.
- Order of B.P. (carboxylic acids & aldehydes): Valeric > Butyric > Propionic > Acetic > Formic acid; Hexanal > Pentanal > Butanal > Propanal.
- Order of B.P. (ketones): Hexan-2-one > Pentan-2-one > Butan-2-one > Propanone.
Key Points: Uses of Carboxylic Acids
- Methanoic acid (Formic acid): Leather tanning, dyeing and finishing in textiles.
- Ethanoic acid (Acetic acid): Manufacturing of rayon and plastic; used as vinegar in cooking.
- Benzoic acid: Used as a food preservative and in perfumery.
- Salicylic acid: Used in the preparation of Aspirin (analgesic/antipyretic), Salol, and Oil of Wintergreen (methyl salicylate).
- Aspirin = acetylsalicylic acid; anti-pyretic and pain killer.
- Methyl salicylate = Oil of wintergreen (from methanol + salicylic acid).
Important Questions [21]
- Complete and Rewrite the Balanced Chemical Equations Isobutyraldehyde
- Write the Structures and Iupac Names of the :Adipic Acid Compound
- On acid hydrolysis, propane nitrile gives.
- What is the Action of Following Reagents on Glucose? 1. Bromine Water 2. Hydroxylamine
- The Functional Group Present in Triacylglycerol is _______.
- How is carbolic acid prepared from chlorobenzene?
- Identify ‘A' and ‘B’ in the following reaction
- Show how the following compound can be converted to benzoic acid. Phenylethene (Styrene)
- How is Methoxy Benzene Prepared from Carbolic Acid?
- Explain, Why Are Boiling Points of Carboxylic Acids Higher than Corresponding Alcohols
- Identify the Strongest Acid Amongst the Followings: Chloroacetic Acid, Acetic Acid, Trichloroacetic Acid, Dichloroaceticacid
- Complete and Rewrite the Balanced Chemical Equations Butanone + 2, 4-dinitro-phenylhydrazine
- How is Nitromethane Prepared from the Following? α-halogen Carboxylic Acid
- Identify a and B from the Following Reaction and Rewrite Complete Reaction:
- Write Balanced Equation for the Following Conversion: Cyclopropane Carboxylic Acid to Cyclopropylmethanol.
- How is 1-nitropropane Prepared from Suitable Oxime?
- How Are 2 - Nitropropane Prepared from Suitable Oxime?
- Write Chemical Equation for the Following : Fischer Esterificatione
- Explain the Mechanism of Esterification
- Acid anhydride on reaction with primary amine gives compound having a functional group ______.
- Write Chemical Equation for the Following : Hell - Vohlard - Zelinsky Reaction
Concepts [11]
- Carboxylic Acids
- Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
- Structure of the Carboxyl group
- Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
- Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Chemical Properties and Reactions of Carboxylic Acid
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Reactions Involving Cleavege of O-H Bond
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Reactions Involving Cleavege of C-OH Bond
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Reactions Involving –COOH Group
- Chemical Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Substitution Reactions in the Hydrocarbon Part
- Uses of Carboxylic Acids
