A molecule made up of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups, which stores and releases energy by breaking phosphate bonds for cellular activities, is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Definitions [6]
Definition: ATP
Definition: Glycolysis
The process occurring in the cytoplasm where one glucose molecule is stepwise oxidized to form two molecules each of pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH₂, and water is called glycolysis.
Definition: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle)
The cyclic series of reactions occurring in the mitochondria, where acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized to produce CO₂, H₂O, NADH₂, and FADH₂, is called the tricarboxylic acid cycle or Krebs cycle.
Definition: Electron Transfer Chain Reaction
The process occurring in the mitochondria, where NADH₂ and FADH₂ release electrons to form ATP and water, producing 3 ATP from each NADH₂ and 2 ATP from each FADH₂, is called the electron transfer chain reaction.
Answer the following question.
What is RQ?
- Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) or respiratory ratio is the ratio of volume of CO2 released to the volume of O2 consumed in respiration.
- R.Q. = `("Volume of CO"_2 "released")/("Volume of O"_2 "consumed")`
Define RQ.
Respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide produced to the volume of oxygen consumed in respiration over a period of time.
Key Points
Key Points: ATP
- ATP formation is called phosphorylation and occurs in three ways: photophosphorylation, substrate-level phosphorylation, and oxidative phosphorylation.
- Photophosphorylation occurs during photosynthesis, while the other two occur during respiration.
- Substrate-level phosphorylation involves direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP and occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix.
- Oxidative phosphorylation uses energy from oxidation of NADH and FADH₂ and occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
- ATP is hydrolysed to release energy whenever the cell needs it for metabolic activities.
