Question

Why do genetic diseases occur? Briefly explain.

Answer 1

Genetic diseases occur due to abnormalities or alterations in an individual's genome. They are briefly explained by the following factors:

• Gene Mutations: Spontaneous permanent changes in the base sequences of a single gene alter standard protein production (e.g., Sickle-cell anaemia).
• Chromosomal Abnormalities: Errors during cell division can lead to structural defects or changes in total chromosome numbers (e.g., Down syndrome due to trisomy 21).
• Defective Inheritance: Defective recessive alleles are passed down across generations from carrier parents to offspring.