Question

Why did the Indian government get involved in the Third Indo-Pak War of 1971?

Answer 1

The Indian government got involved in the Third Indo-Pak War of 1971 due to the following reasons:

1. Bangladesh Liberation Movement: The primary reason for India's involvement was the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1971, the people of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) launched a movement for independence, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. This was met with severe repression by the Pakistani military under General Yahya Khan, which led to widespread atrocities and a humanitarian crisis. Millions of refugees fled to neighbouring India, particularly to the state of West Bengal, causing a severe strain on India's resources.
2. Humanitarian Crisis and Refugee Problem: The flood of refugees into India from East Pakistan created an enormous social and economic burden. The Indian government was also deeply concerned about the atrocities committed by the Pakistani military in East Pakistan, including widespread killings and rapes. India felt morally compelled to intervene to stop the violence and support the Bengali people's struggle for independence.
3. Pakistan’s Military Actions: In December 1971, Pakistan launched military operations in East Pakistan to suppress the independence movement. The brutal repression led to the declaration of war by India in support of the independence movement in East Pakistan. The Indian government decided that intervention was necessary to prevent further escalation and to protect the lives of refugees and Bengali civilians.
4. India’s Support for Bangladesh: India provided military and diplomatic support to the Mukti Bahini (Liberation Army) in East Pakistan, which was fighting against the Pakistani forces. India's involvement was seen as an extension of its commitment to the principle of self-determination and support for the Bengali struggle for independence.
5. Strategic Considerations: The Indian government also recognised the opportunity to weaken Pakistan, particularly in the context of its ongoing rivalry with Pakistan over Kashmir. By supporting the creation of Bangladesh, India aimed to reduce Pakistan’s military and political influence in South Asia.

The Indian government’s involvement in the Third Indo-Pak War of 1971 was driven by a combination of humanitarian concerns, the refugee crisis, Pakistan’s military actions in East Pakistan, and India’s support for Bangladesh’s independence. The war ultimately led to the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh after Pakistan’s defeat.