Question

Which of these is excreted through urine in mammals?

विकल्प

• vitamins

• glucose

• sodium

• all of these

Answer 1

All of these

Explanation:

During the process of ultrafiltration in the kidneys, water, small molecules, and ions pass from the blood into the nephron’s filtrate. While the mammalian body undergoes selective reabsorption to conserve valuable compounds, any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins (such as Vitamin B and C) and sodium ions (Na⁺) are actively excreted in the final urine to maintain internal homeostasis and electrolyte balance. Additionally, while glucose is normally 100% reabsorbed, trace amounts can be found in healthy urine, and large quantities are visibly excreted if a mammal has diabetes or a high blood sugar threshold.