Question

Which human activity indirectly reduces ecosystem productivity?

विकल्प

• Deforestation, pollution, and soil degradation

• Increasing nutrient availability in all ecosystems

• Increasing CO₂ concentrations uniformly

• Raising water levels in all terrestrial regions

Answer 1

Deforestation, pollution, and soil degradation are human activities that reduce productivity indirectly. Deforestation removes producers and reduces photosynthetic capacity; pollution damages plant tissues and disrupts metabolic processes; soil degradation reduces nutrient availability and water retention capacity.