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प्रश्न
What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for countries like India?
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उत्तर
- Loss of a Strategic Ally: The disintegration meant India lost its most trusted political and military partner, which had consistently supported India on crucial international platforms like the UN regarding the Kashmir issue.
- End of Bipolarity and NAM Relevance: The collapse of the USSR ended the global bipolar system. This shift forced India to reassess its foreign policy, as the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) lost its original balancing role in a unipolar world dominated by the US.
- Shift to Multilateral Diplomacy: India had to immediately improve its diplomatic and economic ties with Western nations, particularly the United States, transitioning away from its heavy pro-Soviet leaning.
- Disruption in Military Supplies: Since the Soviet Union was India's primary supplier of defence hardware, machinery, and spare parts, its collapse severely disrupted the procurement and maintenance of the Indian Armed Forces.
- Economic Transition and Rupee-Rouble Crisis: The cash-strapped, newly formed post-Soviet republics demanded trade in hard international currencies, disrupting India’s traditional trade setup and prompting India to accelerate its 1991 economic liberalisation and globalisation reforms.
- New Ties with Post-Soviet Republics: India had to independently establish fresh diplomatic and strategic relations with the newly independent Central Asian Republics and Russia, primarily to secure long-term energy and oil resources.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Fill in the blank:
The fall of the ____________________ symbolised the end of the Cold War.
Read the following passage and answer accordingly.
A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. The people had tasted freedom by then and did not want the old style rule of the Communist Party.
Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control.
Power began to shift from the Soviet centre to the republics, especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union, which saw themselves as sovereign states. The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation.
In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the bases for the post-Soviet republics.
The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.
The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union.
It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union. It took over as the only nuclear state of the post-Soviet space and carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US. The old Soviet Union was thus dead and buried.
Who opposed the coup of 1991?
The global spread of capitalism after the Cold War led to ______
Why did Russia become the successor of USSR?
Assertion (A): Throughout the Cold War the industrialized countries of the North tried to ensure a steady flow of resources.
Reason (R): They deployed military forces near exploitation sites.
