Question

What were the causes that led to the decline of Buddhism in India?

Answer 1

1. Spilt in Buddhism: The division of Buddhism into Hinayana and Mahayana sects brought about great changes in Buddhism. Its popularity and prestige suffered.
2. Language: Buddha preached his teachings in Pali. After his death, Sanskrit, the language of the upper classes, also came to be adopted.
3. Corruption in Sangha: The monks and nuns started living a luxurious life. There was deterioration in the spiritual life. Buddhist Sanghas received patronage of royalty and had become very rich. The monks and nuns used the riches for their personal benefit. They began to lead a worldly life.
4. Reforms in Hinduism: Reform movement in Hinduism started with full vigour once the appeal of new religions vanished. Hinduism assimilated the positive aspects of Buddhism. Even foreign invaders and settlers adopted Hinduism as their new religion. Among these are included the Shakas and the Satavahanas.
5.  Invasions: From the eight century AD the Turkish invasion dealt a blow to Buddhism. The monasteries, which had accumulated great wealth, were looted. The invaders plundered the monasteries of Nalanda and Takshila and forced some of the monks to flee to neighbouring countries like Nepal and Tibet.
6.  End of Royal Patronage: Rajput rulers were warlike and could not follow the policy of ahimsa, Besides, the kings of the Gupta period patronised temples in honour of Hindu gods and goddesses. Thus, the lack of royal patronage brought about the decline of Buddhism.