Question

What are the three essential characteristics of fertile soil?

Answer 1

1. Rich Nutrient Content: Fertile soil contains an abundance of important plant nutrients, notably the key macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), as well as micronutrients and humus.
2. Balanced Texture and Water Retention: It has a porous, loamy texture that allows it to retain enough moisture for plant roots while also providing optimal aeration and drainage to minimise waterlogging.
3. Healthy Soil Microbiome: It is host to a robust population of beneficial microorganisms (such as bacteria and fungi) and earthworms that actively breakdown organic matter, recycle nutrients, and keep soil pH stable (typically 6.0 to 7.0).