Question

The oppresive British colonial rule led to the growth of nationalism in India. With reference to this, answer the following question:

The repressive policies of Lord Lytton became a catalyst to the growth of nationalism. Mention any three of his repressive policies to justify this statement.

Answer 1

Lord Lytton, the Viceroy of India from 1876-1880, implemented repressive measures that encouraged discontent and contributed to the growth of nationalism.

1. Vernacular Press Act (1878)
   • The law restricted Indian newspapers from publishing articles criticising the British government.
   • The act allowed the British to take control and shut down newspapers that challenged their rule.
   • This was seen as an attack on free expression, causing concern among Indian intellectuals.
2. Arms Act (1878)
   • The act prohibits Indians from carrying arms without British permission.
   • The law exempted British and Europeans, which was viewed as discriminatory based on race.
   • It made Indians feel like second-class citizens in their own country.
3. Extravagant Delhi Durbar (1877)
   • While India’s severe famine, Lord Lytton organised the Delhi Durbar (Imperial Assembly) to celebrate Queen Victoria’s proclamation as Empress of India.
   • The British ignored the suffering of millions and spent a significant amount of money on this event.
   • This insensitivity increased Indian anger of British authority.