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प्रश्न
The consequences of Oberon’s jealousy for Titania are comic rather than tragic. Comment.
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उत्तर
Oberon‘s jealousy for Titania stemmed from Titania giving all her attention to the Indian boy that she was raising. He was also jealous of the fact that the beautiful Indian boy was in Titania‘s custody instead of his own. However, what enraged him was Titania‘s refusal to give up the boy even when he ordered her to. Oberon‘s desire to teach Titania a lesson results in a series of events that are comic and chaotic.
He devises a plan to pour a love potion on his wife‘s eyelids so that she falls in love with the first person she sees. Under the influence of the potion, Titania, the Queen of the fairies, falls in love with Bottom, whose face has been transformed by Puck into that of an ass. This juxtaposition of the characters of Titania and Bottom makes their interactions comic.
While Oberon was hatching the plan to teach Titania a lesson, he sees Demetrius entering the Woods followed by Helena. On seeing Demetrius‘ cold behaviour towards Helena, Oberon decides to make Demetrius fall in love with Helena. Thus, Oberon asks Puck to pour the love potion on the Athenian, Demetrius. However, Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and pours the love potion on his eyelids. This makes Lysander fall in love with Helena as she is the first person he sees after waking up. In the meantime, Oberon realises that Puck has used the potion on the wrong person, which has led Hermia to be separated from her true love, Lysander, and Demetrius is not in love with Helena as Oberon had planned. The confusion intensifies when Oberon pours the potion on a sleeping Demetrius and Helena enters the scene with Lysander still trying to convince her of his love. As soon as Demetrius wakes up, he falls in love with Helena and begins praising her beauty. This makes Helena think that Lysander and Demetrius are trying to mock her by falsely claiming that they love her. This chaotic situation is extended when Hermia enters the scene. Helena blames Hermia for conspiring in the mockery and Hermia accuses Helena of stealing Lysander from her. These consequences are funny because at first, both the men were interested in Hermia, but the potion has now made them fall in love with Helena. Hermia is shocked to hear Lysander profess his love for Helena. And Helena is frustrated with Demetrius and Lysander because she thinks they are mocking her.
The absurdity of the two men fighting over a woman they don‘t really love, the quarrel between the two women over their misunderstandings as well as the love between a Queen and an ass make the consequences comic and not tragic because Oberon sets everything straight.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title.
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words.
Read the following passage and complete the activities given below :
A1 Find out :
Find from the passage the related words to the sea and write them.
ON FIERCE monsoon nights, about one and a quarter-mile off the Mumbai harbor, there have been occasions when 52-year-old Bikaji Ramchandra Dhuri is the only man on the sea. From the watchtower of the Prongs Reef Lighthouse, which is surrounded on all sides by the Arabian Sea, he has heard the sea rage like a possessed spirit – the darkness dispelled only by the beam of light flung across the waters from the tower he mans.
Dhuri is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast, as a majority of the 182 lighthouses in the country are now unmanned. Built-in 1871, the Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on Scotland’s Skerryvore Rocks Lighthouse and is located at a strategic spot on the western coast, marking the entrance to the busy Mumbai Harbour. It was meant to stem the number of shipwrecks off the harbor, which the lone Colaba lighthouse could not illumine on its own. “Even now, during nights, for fishing vessels without any gadgets, it’s the soft light from this tower which directs us to Mumbai,” says Vinayak Koli, a boatsman who helps ferry people and also goes on fishing expeditions.
Throughout the year, Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for 15 days at a stretch, when he is relieved by another keeper. In the monsoon, it becomes his home for three months. “We call it the Kalapana as we are alone in the middle of the sea for days, with basic supplies – and the revolving light that keeps the sea awake,” he says.
A2 Fill in the following information using words from the passage :
(i) The Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on _______.
(ii) Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for _______ at a stretch.
(iii) _______ is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast.
(iv) The majority of the _______ lighthouses in the country are now unmanned.
| Violent | Scattered | Place of shelter for ships | Shine light |
A4
A5 Personal Response
Imagine you have to spend a night in a lighthouse. Narrate your experience.
Read the following passage and do the given activities :
B1 Select :
Complete the following sentences by selecting the correct alternatives:
(i) It is more important to have _______ before rushing to work. (lunch, breakfast, dinner)
(ii) Skipping breakfast brings a higher risk of _______ (cancer, heart attack, brain attack)
(iii) An adequate _______ is provided by your meal. (energy, weight, height)
(iv) More than half of the people risk heart attack due to _______ eating. (early morning, afternoon, late night)
MEN WHO SKIP BREAKFAST FACE
27% HIGHER RISK OF HEART ATTACK
Late-Night Eaters at 55% risk. TNN.
London-Breakfast is widely acknowledged as the most important meal of the day. But now, there’s more reason to have that piece of toast before rushing to work: Skipping breakfast has for the first time been associated with an increase in heart attacks.
A study published in the American Heart Association journal circulation showed that men who skipped breakfast had a 27% higher risk of heart attack or death from coronary heart disease than those who didn’t.
“Skipping breakfast may lead to one or more risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which may, in turn, lead to a heart attack over time,” said Leah E. Cahill, lead author from the Harvard School of Public Health.
“Our study group has spent decades studying the health effects of diet quality and composition, and now this new data also suggests overall dietary habits can be important to lower risk of coronary heart disease,” said co-author Eric Rimm.
“Don’t skip breakfast,” Cahill said. “Eating breakfast is associated with a decreased risk of heart attacks. Incorporating many types of healthy foods into your breakfast is an essay way to ensure your meal provides adequate energy and a healthy balance of nutrients.
B2 Find:
Find the pieces of ‘advice’ from the passage and write.
B3 Antonyms :
Find out the antonyms for the following words from the passage and write:
(i) higher (ii) decrease
(iii) excluding (iv) low
B4 Reported Speech :
Complete the reported speech of the following sentences given indirect form:
(i) “Our study group has spent decades studying the health effects of diet quality and composition,” said co-author Eric Rimm.
Co-author Eric Rimm _________
(ii) “Dont’s skip breakfast,” Cahill said.
Cahill _______
B5 Personal Response :
How will you practice the message implied in the passage in your life?
Attempt the following question in 100-150 words:
What do you think about Anne’s talent for writing essays, which she wrote convincingly when punished by the teacher?
How do you distinguish between information gathering and insight formation?
What impression of the character of Iona do you get from this story?
How does the horse serve as a true friend and companion to Iona?
Discuss in groups plays or films with a strong message of social reform that you have watched.
Explain the line:
Within a week it sickened to a raging fever and its pulse went up to a hundred and fifty in the shade.
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
“Tribal arts are not specifically meant for sale.” Does this help or hamper their growth and preservation?
What is the central argument of the speaker?
You know what ‘hide-and-seek’ is. What would ‘hide-and-speak’ mean?
Give a brief account of the interaction between Grandpa and Jo.
Using a dictionary/internet note down the main difference between self-reliant and self-assured.
Discuss in groups, reasons/ consequences/ effects:
The life of the cherry tree was threatened.
Discuss in groups, reasons/ consequences/ effects:
The cherry blossomed.
Which two sayings about God are conveyed through the poem 'The Plate of Gold'?
- God helps those, who help themselves.
- God loves those, who love their fellow beings.
- God loves those, who give away their wealth, to please Him.
- Service to mankind is service to God.
Go through the poem and state whether the following statement is true or false.
Planners make their plans mathematically perfect, at the same time they calculate their profit.
Who gives medicine/treatment to sick animals and birds?
Apart from the children, no other human beings are mentioned in the poem. However, many natural elements are shown to act like persons. Name them and also write what they do.
Differentiate between characters and characterization.
Draw a character sketch of Oberon as an enemy of his wife but a friend of the lovers.
Discuss the following question after you have seen a presentation of the ‘ad’.
What would happen if you never ate fruits and vegetables?
Bassanio was very rich.
How was the committee formed?
Imagine that there is a Mr Somebody who has to correct all the wrongs that are done by Mr Nobody. Write in the following table, what Mr Somebody will have to do.
| Mr Nobody’s Actions | Tasks for Mr Somebody |
| 1. The plate is broken / cracked | Mend the plate. / Throw it away carefully. |
| 2. The book is torn | ____________ |
| 3. The door is ajar. | ____________ |
| 4. The buttons are pulled from the shirt | ____________ |
| 5. The pins are scattered. | ____________ |
| 6. The door is still squeaking. | ____________ |
| 7. There are finger marks upon the door. | ____________ |
| 8. The ink has spilled over. | ____________ |
| 9. Boots are lying around. | ____________ |
| 10. ____________ | ____________ |
| 11. ____________ | ____________ |
Add a few more things to the list in the above table, using your own ideas and experience.
Form groups of five and discuss:
There are many things that seem small, minor, or insignificant to some people but the same may be the cause of great pain, suffering for others. Can you list such things? What can you do to provide help on those occasions?
Read the following sentence aloud. Write who said it and to whom.
“I would rather not go to the party.”
Find out the following with the help of your teacher and the internet.
Rain in countries like the UK which experience spring-summer-autumn-winter.
Discuss:
In the story, human settlements are mentioned but not cities or villages. Why is it so?
Think of a play/skit which you have seen enacted on the stage and which has impressed you. Write the following details about it.
| Name of the play/skit: | ______________ |
| Important characters: | ______________ |
| Any famous actors/actresses: | ______________ |
| Theme: | ______________ |
| Climax: | ______________ |
| Ending: | ______________ |
| Use of lights and special effects if any: | ______________ |
| Use of background music and sound effects if any: | ______________ |
| Use of sets: | ______________ |
| The costumes, make up, etc. of the characters: | ______________ |
| How well the actors present the play and behave on the stage: | ______________ |
| Your own opinion about the play: | ______________ |
Prepare charts for each one of the asanas described in the passage. Use the following points:
- Name (in English, in your mother tongue)
- Meaning in English
- General information
- Steps and pictures
- Benefits
Answer in your own words.
How is the boy from the 1500s dressed?
Correct the following sentence and rewrite it.
Papa Panov gave hot soup to the sweeper, milk to the young mother, and coffee to the beggars.
Find out how the following game is played.
Badminton
List and say whether the following statement agrees with the passage or not.
When you want to make a speech, there’s no need to think about it in advance.
Find two examples of the following from the lesson.
An Exclamation
What does a farmer need most for his fields?
Guess the meaning of weary.
Find a word that has a similar meaning.
unfair
"That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." Neil Armstrong - Discuss
Prospero ordered Ariel to bring ____________ to his place.
Read the following line from the poem and answer the question given below.
The worst thing is that if anyone stays
Among them too long, he will learn their ways;
- What is the worst thing that can happen if anyone stays with them?
- What are the ways of the Grumble family?
Identify the character/speaker.
Oh no, I'll never get back to the right size.
Read the poem aloud in pairs
Neerja had a sour marriage due to______.
Why does the poet fly out of the universe?
How did Santhosh know that the river was clean?
When did the battle of Nauranang start? How long did it continue?
Robot asked Vicky to sell him to an ______ master.
Why do we discover a mystery?
The bird-catcher decided to sit under the ________.
Choose and write the adverbs to complete the sentence.
My dog barks ______.
Number the actions of Pandi and Nandhini in order.
How long did the competition take to reach the final?
Write the word with same meaning.
post- ______
What was his dream ?
What is the main idea of the story?
Which part of the plant should be watered?
