Question

The average density of population in India according to the 2001 census is 324 per sq. km. Explain why West Bengal has a density of 904 per sq. km. Whereas Arunachal Pradesh has a density of only 13 per sq. km.

Answer 1

According to the 2001 Census, the average population density in India was 324 persons per square kilometer. However, this average masks significant regional variations, such as the stark contrast between West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh.

1. West Bengal (904 persons per sq. km): This high density is due to the fertile alluvial soil of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta, abundant rainfall, and favorable climate supporting intensive agriculture. It also has well-developed transport networks, major urban and industrial centers like Kolkata, and ports that attract trade and employment, leading to high population concentration.
2. Arunachal Pradesh (13 persons per sq. km): This very low density is due to rugged mountainous terrain, dense forests, and a harsh climate in many parts, which limit agriculture, transport, and industry. The lack of infrastructure and remoteness from major economic hubs discourages large-scale settlement.