Question

Study the picture and answer the following questions:

1. Identify at least three persons in the picture. Name the organisation with which these persons were associated.
2. Where was this organisation formed? State any three objectives of this organisation.
3. Has this organisation been able to achieve its objectives? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer 1

1. Identification and Organisation:
   • Persons:
     1. Jawaharlal Nehru (Prime Minister of India)
     2. Kwame Nkrumah (President of Ghana)
     3. Gamal Abdel Nasser (President of Egypt)
     4. Sukarno (President of Indonesia)
     5. Josip Broz Tito (President of Yugoslavia)
   • Associated Organisation: They were the founding leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).
2. Formation and Objectives:
   • Formation: The organisation was officially formed at its First Summit in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1961 (following the preparatory Bandung Conference in Indonesia in 1955).
   • Objectives:
     1. Oppose Colonialism and Imperialism: To firmly stand against foreign rule, neo-colonialism, and racial discrimination (like Apartheid) across the world.
     2. Maintain Sovereign Independence: To protect the political freedom, territorial boundaries, and sovereign decision-making rights of newly independent nations from superpower interference.
     3. Promote World Peace and Disarmament: To actively campaign against the Cold War arms race, push for nuclear disarmament, and settle international disputes through peaceful diplomacy.
3. Achievements of the Organisation:
   Yes, the organisation has partially achieved its goals, but it faces clear limitations.
   • Reasons for Success (Achievements):
     1. End of Colonialism: NAM successfully accelerated the decolonisation process, helping numerous Asian and African nations gain independence.
     2. Prevented Bloc Hegemony: It provided a vital third choice to developing nations, allowing them to remain independent without succumbing to the pressure of joining the US or Soviet power blocs.
   • Reasons for Failure (Limitations):
     1. Inability to Prevent Local Wars: It failed to prevent conflicts among its own member states, such as the Iran-Iraq War or the Sino-Indian War.
     2. Lack of Consensus: Due to its massive size (120 members), the movement has struggled to maintain unity and has remained largely inactive in resolving major modern conflicts like the Russia-Ukraine war.