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प्रश्न
Short answer question
Which are the 2 types of goitre? What are its causes?
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उत्तर
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones: It is caused by an increase in the levels of thyroid hormones. This increases metabolic rate, sensitivity, sweating, flushing, rapid respiration, bulging of eyeballs, and affects various physiological activities. Graves’ disease: Hyperthyroidism in adults results in this disorder. It is characterised by protruding eyeballs, increased BMR, and weight loss. Increased BMR produces a range of effects like increased heartbeat, increased B.P., higher body temperature, nervousness, irritability, and tremor of fingers.
Simple goitre: It is iodine deficiency goitre. Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone and if there is a deficiency of iodine in the diet, it causes enlargement of the thyroid gland leading to simple goitre. This disease is common in hilly areas. Addition of iodine to table salt prevents this disease. The size of the thyroid gland is increased but the total output of thyroxine is decreased.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Given below is a table designed to give the names of the glands, the hormones produced, their chief functions, the effects of oversecretion and undersecretion in respect of thyroid, pituitary and pancreas. Fill up the blanks 1–13.
| S.No. | Source Gland cells | Hormone produced | Chief function | Effect of oversecretion | Effect of undersecretion |
| 1 | (1) ______ | Thyroxine | (2) ______ | (3) ______ | (4) ______ |
| 2 | Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans | (5) ______ | Promotes glucose utilisation by the body cells | (6) ______ | (7) ______ |
| 3 | (8) ______ | Growth hormone | (9) ______ | (10) ______ | Dwarfism |
| 4 | (11) ______ | Vasopressin | Increases reabsorption of water from kidney tubule | (12) ______ | (13) ______ |
Expand the following biological abbreviation:
TSH
Differentiate: Simple Goitre and Exophthalmic Goitre.
Fill in the Blanks:
In adult deficiency in secretion of thyroid produces a disease called ______.
The basal metabolic rate in body cells is regulated by:
Which diseases is caused by the hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids?
All of the statements correctly describe mode of hormone action, EXCEPT ______.
What will happen if intake of iodine in our diet is low?
Draw a neat diagram of thyroid gland and label thyroid follicle, follicular cells and blood capillaries.
The condition showing swelling in face and hands and sluggishness due to hypothyroidism is called ______.
