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प्रश्न
Read the following dialogue
Raghu : I think one of my snakes has escaped.
Sheela : Isn’t it dangerous? You really must stop collecting snakes, Raghu.
Raghu : But I like snakes – they are unusual pets.
Sheela : But I think it’s a dangerous thing to keep such pets.
Raghu : No, they’re not dangerous; they are really… .er… .quite friendly.
Sheela : Huh, snakes require a great deal of careful handling and are still a risk.
Raghu : i don’t mind. What matters is that I like them.
Sheela : Well, quite frankly, I hate them. They are awfully frightening to look at.
Raghu : Look, I am very careful and I handle them very gently. In fact, I don’t have many.
Sheela : Have you ever been bitten?
Raghu : Well, it’s true I’ve been bitten once or twice, but…
You are a friend who has overheard this conversation between Raghu and Sheela. Write to your sister reporting it. Give the conversation an interesting, unexpected or humorous ending. (The first part has been done for you.)
Janpath
5 January 2016
Dear Varsha
As you’re very interested in Raghu and his snakes, I thought I’d tell you about a conversation I heard between him and Sheela.
He told her he thought one of his snakes had escaped and, as usual, she told him to stop collecting them because they were dangerous. (Typical of Sheela, don’t you think?)
Pronouns
Direct speech indirect speech
| masculine | feminine | plural | |
| i | he | she | they |
| you | he | she | they |
| you | him | her | them |
| your | his | her | their |
| me | him | her | them |
| my | his | her | their |
| myself | himself | herself | themselves |
| we | they | ||
| use | them, their |
WORDS DENOTING TIME AND POSITION
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, certain words denoting nearness of
time and place are changed into words denoting distance.
It is treated necessary to change the words denoting nearness to words denoting
distance because, when we report the words of a person to somebody, the place
and time of the reporting is changed.
So the reported speech must be in line with the modified time and place.
| DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
| this | that |
| these | those |
| now | then |
| ago | before |
| last night |
the previous night the night before |
| next day |
the following day the day after |
| today | the day |
| tonight | that night |
| yesterday |
the previous day the day before |
| tomorrow |
the next day the following day the day after |
| day before yesterday | the day before the previous day or two days before |
| day after tomorrow | the day after the next day ot in two days |
| week | the following week |
| now | then |
| here | there |
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उत्तर
But Raghu insisted that despite that they were unusual pets and quite friendly. Sheela cautioned him that they required a great deal of careful handling and still they were at risk. Raghu told her that he did not mind because what mattered was that he liked them. Sheela (You know how frank she is !) told Raghu frankly that she hated them as they were awfully frightening to look at. Raghu reminded Sheela that he was very careful and handled them very gently. He added further that he didn’t have many. Sheela asked him if he had ever been bitten. Raghu admitted that he had been bitten once or twice. But he had taken medicines immediately.
I now tell you an interesting feature of their conversation. Once a thief had entered his house. When he had been ransacking the house, the big snake (cobra) had woke him up through wriggling over him. Sheela exclaimed with wonder that it was very strange. Raghu told her that it was not complete yet. He added further that another snake had begun hissing near the thief. (You can imagine how Sheela was wonderstruck at this !) Raghu told her that the thief had frozen with fear. A cry had escaped his throat. By then, all at home had woken up. The thief had been caught and handed over to the Police.
Pay my regards to uncle and aunt.
Yours affectionately
Minu
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer the following question briefly
Which of the following traits are relevant to the character of the narrator's grandmother?
(i) determined
(ii) selfish
(iii) emotional
(iv)mean
Give reasons for your choice.
With your partner, discuss and narrate an incident about a person who likes to show off.
Check whether your classmates agree with you.
Answer the following question briefly:
(a) What is a ‘nickname’ ? Can you suggest another one for Private Quelch?
Answer the following question briefly:
What were the Professor’s ambitions in the army?
Answer the following question:
When Mr. Bramble came to know that he was to become a father what were some of the names he decided upon? Why?
Here is a list of a few things. Can you tell how long each of them can live /exist?
(a) a dog
(b) an elephant
(c) a tree
(d) a human being
(e) a star
(f) a mountain
(g) a river
You already know the two literary devices generally used by writers and poets for comparison, i.e. metaphor and simile.
e.g. a) He was a lion in the battle, (metaphor)
b) He fought like a lion, (simile)
In (a) the writer talks of the soldier in terms of a lion. The comparison is implied.
In (b) the writer compares the soldier to a lion with the use of the word like, (as may also be used for such comparisons.)
Read the poem again and note down the metaphors and similes. Complete the following chart.
| Reference | Metaphor | Simile |
| world | all the world's a stage | |
| men, women | ||
| school-boy | ||
| lover | ||
| soldier | ||
| reputation | ||
| voice |
Which comparison(s) do you find most interesting? Why?
Discuss in groups
What would you do in the following situations? Give reasons for your answer
If you were travelling by bus and you saw someone pick another passenger's
pocket.
- If you found a wallet on the road.
- If you were in a shop and you saw a well-dressed lady shoplifting.
- If your best friend is getting involved with an undesirable set of friends.
- If you were in school and you saw one of your class-mates steal another child's
pen.
‘Since’or‘For’
We often use the Present Perfect with time expressions using ‘since’ or ‘for’.
Which expressions go with since and which go with for? (Indicate with a tick). (The first two have been done for you.)
We use ‘since’ to express ______ in time, whereas ‘for’ is used to express ______ of time.
| since | for | |
| last week | ||
![]() |
![]() |
a short time |
| a decade | ||
| deepawali | ||
| the day before yesterday | ||
| centuries | ||
| june | ||
| 22 june | ||
| several weeks | ||
| 2009 | ||
| 6 months | ||
| ages |
Another technique adopted by the writer is to use figures of speech such as a simile. A simile is used to express similarity between two things. e.g. He is as fast as lightning. The rain/ell heavily on the metal roof like a machine-gun. Similes usually start with 'like' or 'as'.
Find two similes in the last section of the story.
The Indian Rhinoceros: Where are they? Do they have a future?
We are very materialistic and are often lured into buying and using clothes and articles made from animal skin and other organs.
Here's a shopping list ....... .

The list seems endless, doesn't it? Are these things not shameful enough to set us pondering deeply over the harm that we are inflicting on nature's creations?
1. Why is the list 'most shameful'?
2. What is the name of the organisation that has been formed to protect and conserve wildlife?
3. Name at least ten other animals that are being exploited by man for commercial purposes. Surf the net to get your information and complete the following table
| Animal | Part of the body used | Product |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| 5. | ||
| 6. | ||
| 7. | ||
| 8. | ||
| 9. | ||
| 10. |
The residents of Kanpur decide to approach the Chairman of the Municipal Steps which can be taken problem of pollution in their city. In groups of six, play the role of the following : (Cue cards may be given by the teacher)
• A farmer
• An environmentalist
• Chairman of the Municipal Corporation
• President of 'Save the Ganga Project'
• A Human rights activist
Read the following excerpts from newspapers on various environmental issues.
Ban the Bag
The Indus Valley Civilisation left beautifullycrafted pottery that speaks volumes of the advances its people made. After 3,000 years, if the ruins we leave behind are excavated, chances are only plastic bags would be dug up. It may sound like an exaggeration, but these bags are not biodegradable. Apart from causing emissions when these are manufactured, noxious fumes are released while these are being burnt or disposed off. So, be kind to Mother Earth the next time you go shopping for groceries, remember to carry a cloth bag with you.

What India Should Do
India has released the National Action Plan on Climate Change. Is it adequate? Is there more that the country can do? Here are some ways how we can make a difference.
(a) SOLAR MISSION
1) To promote the use of solar energy through solar photovoltaic and thermal systems for power generation .
2) To integrate other renewable energy technologies like biomass and wind. 
(b) ENERGY EFFICIENCY
1) To mitigate GHG through sector-specific and cross-cutting technology and fuel switch options.
2) To use more LNG and biomass fuels besides seeking tech transfer. 
(c) SUSTAINABLE HABITAT
1) To promote energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sectors through LPG use.
2) To manage municipal solid waste and urban public transport in a better way. 
(d) WATER MISSION
1) To promote efficient water use, augment supply in critical areas and ensure effective management of water resources.
2) To have better management of surface and groundwater,and conserve wetlands. 
(e) SUSTAINING HIMALAYAS
1) To enhance monitoring and conservation of the Himalayan ecosystems, empower local communities for management of ecological resources and promote sustainable tourism. 
(f) GREEN INDIA
1) To reduce fragmentation of forests, enhance public and private investments for plantation, upscale joint forestry management and promote conservation of biodiversity. Need to afforest degraded lands.

(g) SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE :
1) To focus on four crucial areas - dry land agriculture, risk management, access to information and promoting the use of biotechnology.
2) To develop drought and pest resistant varieties. 
Simple Present and Present Continuous
Mr. Madan is going on tour next week. Look at his itinerary.
| Mr. Madan | Tour of North India and Nepal | ||
| Mon | 7th | Mumbai 06:30 Peace Conference |
Delhi 08:30 |
| Tues | 8th | Delhi 07:30 Cultural Centre |
Agra 10:30 |
| Wed | 9th | Agra 09:30 Local School Head Teacher |
Varanasi 13:30 |
| Thurs | 10th | Varanasi 08:00 Discuss Trade Unions |
Patna 18:30 |
| Fri | 11th | Patna 14:00 Himalayan Project |
Kathmandu 17:00 |
| Sat | 12th | Kathmandu 11:00 | Delhi 14:00 |
Describe Mr. Madan’s schedule for next week. Use verbs from the table below.
Be the Master of Ceremonies!
The Honey Bee Creative Club of your school is organising an annual cultural programme. You are the compere for the programme. Complete the following details by filling in with suitable modals and phrases. This will help you when you address a large audience.
Good evening, respected principal, teachers and my dear friends. Welcome to the Honey Bee Creative Club Cultural programme. The guest (a)_________ arrive. Many (b)__________presented this evening. We (c)__________ the programme with an invocation. The dancers are (d)__________ entertain you by performing the bhangra. The school choir (e)_________a song on National Integration. The programme (f)__________ with a formal vote of thanks by the principal.
Discuss in groups.
- Have you heard a story, seen a film, or read about someone becoming invisible?
- Did he/she use his/her power for good or for evil?
Look at the pictures of people talking to each other. With your partners, discuss what they are telling each other. Share your ideas with the class.






Several youngsters have problems in dealing with their parents. With your partner, discuss the difference ln views and complete the table below. Sometimes there may be no contradiction between the two views.
| Features | As we see ourselves | As our parents see us |
| How tidy we are | ||
| The types of clothes we wear | ||
| How courteous we are | ||
| How much we study | ||
| How independently are we allowed to express our opinions |
Prepositions of Location
Picture Dictation
Work in pairs - Student A and Student B. Student A only (picture given below) - . Keep the picture secret from Student B. Describe exactly what you see to Student B, who must draw the picture from the information given. At the end, compare the two pictures. Draw your picture in the box below.

e.g.
In the middle there’s a small house. Behind the house there are two hills. Several birds are flying over the house…
Now complete the Bio-data of Koneru Humpy :
|
KOKERU HUMPY Name : _____________ Father's Name : __________ Born on : _________________ Place of Birth : ______________ Trained by : _______________ Fint achievements :
Recent achievements :
|


