Question

President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill. - News on Air, August 22, 2025

1. What happens after this ‘assent’? What procedure has the bill followed till this stage?
2. Briefly describe two legislative functions of the President.
3. Briefly describe three executive functions og the Head of State.

Answer 1

1. Post-Assent Consequence and Bill Procedure:
   • What happens after this ‘assent’: The Bill officially becomes an Act (a law) of the land and is published in the Official Gazette of India.
   • Procedure followed till this stage:
     1. The Bill was introduced in either House of Parliament.
     2. It went through three comprehensive readings and was passed by that House.
     3. It was sent to the second House, where it underwent a similar process and was passed.
     4. Finally, it was presented to the President of India for her signature and formal approval.
2. Two Legislative Functions of the President:
   • Assent to Bills: No Bill passed by Parliament can become law without the President’s final signature and approval.
   • Summoning and Proroguing Parliament: The President has the authority to summon and prorogue Parliament, and to dissolve the Lok Sabha on the advice of the Prime Minister.
3. Three Executive Functions of the Head of State:
   • Appointment of the Government: The President appoints the Prime Minister and all other central ministers based strictly on the Prime Minister’s advice.
   • Appointment of High Officials: The Head of State appoints key constitutional authorities, including Supreme Court judges, State Governors, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), and Election Commissioners.
   • Administration of Union Territories: The President is directly responsible for the administration of Union Territories, managing them via appointed Lieutenant Governors or Administrators.