Question

Name and describe the groups the kingdom Plantae is divided into.

Answer 1

Thallophyta 

•  They are consists of red, green and brown algae.
•  Algae are of universal occurrence.
•  Their body ranges from unicellular to multicellular colonies, filaments or sheets of cells.
• Vascular tissues are absent.
•  Nutrition is generally autotrophic (through photosynthesis).
• Reproduction is vegetative or sexual.

 Bryophyta

•  It consists of liverworts and mosses.
• They are terrestrial, found in damp, shady places.
•  Their life cycle has a long gametophytic phase and a short sporophytic phase.
• Liverworts have prostrate thalloid gametophytic body, but mosses have erect body.
• True roots are absent, but rhizoids presents.
•  Vascular tissues are absent.
•  Nutrition is generally autotrophic (through photosynthesis).
•  Reproduction is vegetative or sexual.

 Pteridophyta 

• They include ferns, horse-tails and club mosses.
• They occur mainly in cool, shady and moist places.
• They are mostly terrestrial.
• They are perennial herbs with stem in the form of rhizome.
•  Fibrous roots present.
• Their life cycle has a gametophytic phase and a short sporophytic phase.
•  Vascular tissues are present.
•  Nutrition is generally autotrophic (through photosynthesis).
•  Reproduction is vegetative or sexual.

 Spermatophyta 

•  They are the most successful terrestrial plants having seeds.
•  They produce seeds (fertilized ovules).
• They are divided into two groups –
  Gymnosperms -They bear naked seeds and lack flowers.
  Examples: Pine, Cycas
  Angiosperms – They produce seeds enclosed in ovary and flowers are present.
  Examples: Rose, Grass