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प्रश्न
List the different ways by which communicable diseases are transmitted
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उत्तर
Communicable diseases are transmitted broadly by two modes:
Direct transmission:
- Direct contact: From skin to skin. Examples: eye infection (conjunctivitis),skin diseases, etc.
- Droplet infection: From droplet of saliva or nose during cough, sneezing, speaking and spitting. Examples: Tuberculosis (TB), common cold, whooping cough, influenza.
- Contact with soil. Example: mycosis, tetanus.
- Inoculation into skin: Microbes may inoculate directly into skin. Examples: Rabies virus is inoculated by dog bite, hepatitis B virus is inoculated through contaminated needles and syringes.
Indirect transmission:
- Transmission of microbes through water and food (vehicle borne transmission). Examples: typhoid, cholera, polio, food poisoning, diarrhoea etc.
- Transmission by blood. Examples: Hepatitis B and malaria
- Transmission of microbes by an arthropod/living carrier (vector borne). Examples: malaria, dengue are transmitted by mosquito, typhoid, cholera are transmitted by housefly, plague is transmitted by rat flea, etc.
- Transmission through fomites: Fomites include soiled clothes, towel, cups, spoon, toys, etc. Examples: diptheria, eye and skin infection.
- Transmission through unclean hands. Examples: typhoid, intestinal parasites.
- Air borne transmission. Examples: epidemic typhus.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name the following:
A viral disease caused due to unhealthy sexual contact
Fill in the blanks:
Over-eating causes a disease called ______.
Multiple choice questions. Tick (✓) the correct choice:
Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by
Match the items in Column A with those in Column B:
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1 | Beri-beri | a | Vitamin C |
| 2 | Anaemia | b | Vitamin D |
| 3 | Scurvy | c | Vitamin A |
| 4 | Rickets | d | Vitamin B1 |
| 5 | Goitre | e | Iron |
| 6 | Night blindness | f | Iodine |
Name the diseases caused by PEM.
Multiple choice questions. Tick (✓) the correct choice:
Which of the following diseases is spread through coughing and sneezing?
Write, in brief, about the following: Allergy
Crossword Puzzle
Down
1. A disease caused due to the bite of a mad dog. (6)
2. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are caused due to the deficiency of this food component. (7)
3. A disease causing bleeding gums. (6)
Across
4. A disease due to deficiency of vitamin D. (7)
5. Diabetes is caused due to deficiency of this hormone. (7)
6. The deficiency of this mineral causes anaemia. (4)
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Give two examples for each of the following
Non-infectious diseases
Match the causative organisms with their diseases.
| Column I | Column II | Column III |
|
A. Haemophilus influenza |
1. Malignant malaria | l. Widal test |
| B. Entamoeba histolytica | 2. Elephantiasis | m. Blood test |
| C. Plasmodium falciparum | 3. Pneumonia | n. Stool test |
| D. Wuchereria bancrofti | 4. Typhoid | o. X-ray |
| E. Salmonella typhi | 5. Amoebiasis | p. Peripheral blood test |
