Question

In the figure, rainfall, flora and fauna of Brazil have been shown in the cross profile along with physiography. The change occurring in the above elements while going from north to south is clearly seen here. Discuss about this in the class and write a note about it.

Answer 1

Cross-Profile Analysis of Brazil

This cross-profile shows how Brazil's physiography, climate, flora, and fauna change from 5° 11′ N to 25° 24′ S latitude.

1. Guyana Highlands
   • Physiography: High mountainous terrain up to 1600 meters.
   • Climate: Temperature is 21° C. Annual rainfall is 1600 mm.
   • Flora: Dominated by dense tropical forests.
   • Fauna: Habitat for various types of apes.
2. Amazon Basin
   • Physiography: Vast low-lying plains under 200 meters.
   • Climate: Hot and humid. Temperature reaches 28° C. High rainfall of 2000 mm.
   • Flora: Dense, evergreen equatorial rainforests.
   • Fauna: Rich biodiversity including reptiles, arboreal animals, and aquatic species.
3. Parana Basin
   • Physiography: Low-lying flat river basin valley.
   • Climate: Temperature drops to 21° C. Annual rainfall is 1500 mm.
   • Flora: Deciduous forests that shed leaves seasonally.
   • Fauna: Primarily home to diverse grassland animals.
4. Brazilian Highlands
   • Physiography: Elevated plateau with peaks reaching 2000 meters.
   • Climate: Temperature is 23° C. Low rainfall of 600.
   • Flora: Temperate forests and grassland vegetation.
   • Fauna: Mixed habitat for reptiles and grassland animals.
5. Coastal Plains
   • Physiography: Narrow strip of coastal lowlands.
   • Climate: Maritime climate. Temperature is 27° C. Rainfall is 1200 mm.