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प्रश्न
How are polymers classified on the basis of polymerisation process?
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उत्तर
On the basis of mode of polymerisation, polymers are classified into the following groups:
Addition polymers or chain growth polymers:
- A polymer formed by direct addition of repeated monomers without the elimination of byproduct molecules is called addition polymer.
- In this, the monomers are alkenes, alkadienes (or their derivatives) or alkynes.
- All the atoms of monomers are present in the addition polymer and they have the same empirical formula as their monomer. eg. Orlon/ acrilan / polyacrylonitrile (PAN):
Condensation polymers or step growth polymers:
- A polymer formed by the condensation of two or more than two monomers with the elimination of simple molecules like water, methyl alcohol, hydrogen
chloride, ammonia, etc. is called condensation polymer. - In this, bifunctional or trifunctional monomeric units undergo condensation.
- All the atoms of monomers are not present in the condensation polymer.
- There are ester or amide linkages in the condensation polymer.
- Condensation polymer is formed in a stepwise manner (dimer, tetramer, … and so on).
eg. Nylon-6,6:
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\[\begin{array}{cc}\ce{- (CH2 - CH -)_\text{n}}\\
\phantom{.....}|\\\ce{\phantom{.......}CN}\end{array}\]
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