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प्रश्न
Give an account of Thurstone’s theory of Primary Mental Abilities.
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उत्तर
According to American psychologist L. L. Thurstone (1938), intelligence comprises of nine distinct primary mental abilities. According to him, there is no factor common to all intellectual activity. However there are a number of groups of mental abilities, each having its own primary factor.
The description of the factors is as follows :
Verbal factor: It is concerned with the comprehension of verbal relations, words, and ideas.
Spatial factor: It is involved in any task in which the subject manipulates an object imaginatively in space.
Numerical factor: It is concerned with the ability to do numerical calculations rapidly and accurately.
Memory factor: It involves the ability to memorize quickly.
Word-fluency factor: It is involved whenever the subject is asked to think of isolated words at a rapid rate.
Inductive reasoning factor: It is the ability to draw inferences or conclusions on the basis of specific inferences.
Deductive reasoning factor: It is the ability to make use of generalized results.
Perceptual factor: It is the ability to perceive objects accurately.
Problem-solving factor: It is the ability to solve problems with independent efforts.
Their stone assembled a battery of tests to measure these abilities. This Primary Mental Abilities test (PMA) is still widely used.
The weakest part of the group factor theory was that it discarded the concept of common factors.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How can you differentiate between verbal and performance tests of intelligence?
Read the case given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option:
This is a story of three students Ruby, Radhika and Shankar who were enrolled in an Undergraduate Psychology Program in a University. Ruby was the admission officer’s dream. She was selected for the program as she had perfect entrance test scores, outstanding grades and excellent letters of recommendation. But when it was time for Ruby to start coming up with ideas of her own, she disappointed her professors.
On the other hand, Radhika did not meet the admission officer’s expectations. She had good grades but low entrance exam scores. However, her letters of recommendation described her as a creative young woman. She could design and implement research work with minimal guidance at college.
Shankar ranked somewhere in between the two students. He was satisfactory on almost every traditional measure of success. But rather than falling somewhere in the middle of his class at college, Shankar proved to be an outstanding student. His strength lay in the ability to not only adapt well to the demands of his new environment but also to modify the environment to suit his needs.
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Which psychologist proposed the Theory of Multiple Intelligence?
