Question

For either the Virashaivas or the sants of Maharashtra, discuss their attitude towards caste.

Answer 1

The saints of Maharashtra focused on the Vitthala form of Vishnu and on a personal god residing inside the hearts of all people:

1. 1. Their songs in simple Marathi language inspired people.
   2. They rejected all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety, and social differences based on birth and treatment to women.
   3. They even rejected the idea of renunciation and preferred to live with their families and earning a livelihood.
   4. They believed in serving fellow beings and sharing the pain of others.

Answer 2

The Virashaivas’ attitude towards caste:

1. The Virashaiva movement was initiated by Basavanna and his companions, such as Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi.
2. This movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century.
3. The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the ill-treatment of women.
4. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.