Question

Explain the role of hormones in reproduction.

Answer 1

1. The primary hormones that regulate reproduction are the steroids such as androgens, estrogens, and progesterone. which have masculinizing, feminizing, and gestational effects respectively.
2. These hormones are secreted from the gonads which are regulated by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): 
  FSH in a female influence the development of the Graafian follicle and secretion of estrogens. In a male, it is necessary for the development of seminiferous tubules, and for spermatogenesis.
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): In a female, it is the hormone necessary for ovulation, and the secretion of the luteal hormone progesterone, and for the final maturation of the Graafian follicle. In a male, it stimulates the interstitial (Leydig) cells of the testes and the secretion of testosterone and is referred to as the Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH).
• Prolactin (PRL) or Lactogenic Hormone:
  The main function of this hormone is milk secretion during lactation.
• Oxytocin Hormone:
  Oxytocin causes the expulsion of milk from the breast and it is also involved in the contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus during childbirth.