Question

Explain the mechanism of inheritance used by sexually reproducing organisms to ensure the stability of DNA of the species.

Answer 1

Each gene is present on chromosomes, which are separate, independent pieces of DNA. Each cell in an organism contains two copies of each chromosome, one from the male parent and one from the female parent.

During gamete formation (in germ cells):

• Each gamete receives one chromosome from each pair, either maternal or paternal.
• When fertilization occurs, the two gametes combine, restoring the normal chromosome number in the progeny.

This process ensures the stability of DNA in a species and maintains genetic information across generations.

Answer 2

1. Sexually reproducing species preserve DNA stability through meiosis and fertilization.
2. During meiosis, germ cells recombine their DNA to create genetic variation while retaining their chromosomal number.
3. Fertilization restores the diploid state and prevents excessive variation.
4. DNA repair systems ensure genetic stability and allow for regulated evolution by correcting errors between generations.