Question

Explain the caste-based inequality in India.

Answer 1

Caste-based inequality in India refers to the discrimination and social exclusion experienced by individuals and communities based on their caste identity. Historically, the caste system divided society into hierarchical groups, with the so-called “upper castes” enjoying privileges and the “lower castes”, especially the Scheduled Castes (Dalits), facing untouchability, oppression, and denial of basic rights.

Despite constitutional guarantees of equality and legal measures such as the abolition of untouchability (Article 17) and reservation policies, caste-based discrimination persists in various forms. These include denial of access to education, employment, housing, and even public spaces like temples and water sources.

This inequality affects the dignity, opportunities, and social mobility of marginalised communities and poses a serious challenge to social justice and the democratic values of equality and inclusion.