Question

Explain speciation according to A.E. Emerson type, giving suitable examples.

Answer 1

1. Allopatric Speciation: Occurs due to geographical isolation. 
   Example: Darwin’s finches on different Galápagos Islands.
2. Sympatric Speciation: Occurs without geographical isolation, often due to genetic or behavioral changes. 
   Example: Apple maggot flies shifting from hawthorn to apple trees.
3. Parapatric Speciation: Occurs in adjacent areas with different environments and limited gene flow. 
   Example: Grass species adapting to metal-contaminated soil.