Question

Explain how assemblies like sabhā and samiti limited the power of the rājā. Which modern institutions perform similar functions today?

Answer 1

During the Vedic period, the Sabha and Samiti played an important role in keeping the rājā’s power under control. The Sabha, made up mainly of elders and important members, advised the king and helped ensure that he followed accepted customs and justice. The Samiti was a larger assembly representing the clan and could take part in important political decisions. Thus, the king’s authority was not completely unlimited, as he had to consider the opinions and decisions of these assemblies.

Today, our modern democratic institutions perform very similar functions to check the power of elected representatives:

• The Parliament (Sansad): Just like the Samiti, the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha debate, pass laws, and hold the Prime Minister and government accountable.
• The Judiciary (Supreme Court): Similar to the judicial role of the Sabha, our courts protect the Constitution and ensure that leaders do not misuse their power.