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प्रश्न
Discuss with your teacher what does ‘a suitable gene’ means, in the context of DNA vaccines.
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उत्तर
A DNA vaccine consists of a gene encoding an antigenic protein, which is then inserted into a plasmid and introduced into the cells of a target animal. The plasmid vaccine, which contains the DNA (gene), enters the nucleus of target cells and is transcribed into RNA, which then produces the specific antigenic protein because these proteins are detected as foreign. When they are digested by host cells and presented on their surfaces, the immune system is alerted, triggering a variety of immune responses.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write a note on ‘artificial acquired active immunity’.
State the cause of adenosine deaminase enzyme deficiency.
An antiviral protein released from infected and dying cells is ______.
Sketch and label structure of Antibody
How do cytokine barriers provide innate immunity in humans?
Name the following:
The category of immunity required in the treatment of snake-bite.
Write the full forms of: ATS
Mucous membrane trapping the microbes acts as a ---------------
Describe the structure of an antibody.
STRUCTURE OF ANTIBODY
Answer the following question:
The principle of vaccination is based on the property of the "memory" of the immune system. Taking one suitable example, justify the statement.
Answer the following question.
Differentiate between the roles of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes in generating immune responses.
Mention one application for the following:
Cytokinin-barrier
State the role of the thymus as a lymphoid organ. Name the cells that are released from it and mention their function.
Both B-cells and T-cells are derived from __________.
Which cells stimulate B-cells to form antibodies?
What do the abbreviations AIIMS denote?
What do the abbreviations CMIS denote?
Enlist any four barriers that contribute to innate immunity.
State the significance of mother’s milk to a newborn.
Which cells are play a major role in non-specific defence against viral infections and tumors?
Coating of bacteria to facilitate subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages is known as ____________.
____________ are previously sensitized cells which retain the sensitization memory for a long time in the future.
Which type of T-cells are responsible for producing lymphokines and stimulation of B- cells?
Match column I with column II and choose the correct option.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| i. | Specificity | a. | Lymphocytes produced against each particular foreign molecule |
| ii. | Diversity | b. | Self-cells are not attacked by immune system of the own body |
| iii. | Memory | c. | Immune system works against multiple pathogens |
| iv. | Discrimination between self and non-self | d. | Stronger immune response on second encounter |
Due to which property of acquired immune system does a second encounter of the same pathogen brings about a stronger and quicker immune response?
Which of the following components does not participate in innate immunity?
Class of cytokines released by cells infected with viruses and certain WBC's to protect from viral infection are ______.
What is immunity defined as in terms of host defence?
What is an antigen?
