Question

Discuss the features of the parliamentary form of government with particular reference to the UK.

Answer 1

1. Collective Responsibility: The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Parliament. In the UK, if the government loses a vote of confidence, it must resign.
2. Fusion of Powers: The executive and legislature are closely linked. The Prime Minister and Cabinet members are also Members of Parliament (MPs).
3. Leadership of the Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the real head of government. In the UK, the PM leads the Cabinet, sets policies, and represents the country internationally.
4. Ceremonial Head of State: The monarch is the formal head of state with mainly symbolic powers. In the UK, the King/Queen acts on the advice of the Prime Minister.
5. Bicameral Legislature: UK Parliament has two houses: the House of Commons (elected) and the House of Lords (appointed/hereditary). The government is primarily accountable to the House of Commons.
6. Cabinet System: Real executive authority rests with the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. Decisions are made collectively and kept confidential.
7. Party Discipline: Strong party discipline ensures the ruling party supports the government’s policies in Parliament. MPs generally vote along party lines.
8. Dissolution of Parliament: The government can request the monarch to dissolve Parliament and call for new elections. In the UK, elections are generally held every five years, but early elections can occur.