Question

Are there cultural differences in the conceptualisation of intelligence?

Answer 1

Yes, culture, which is a set of beliefs, customs, attitudes and achievements in art of literature, affects the process of intellectual development.

According to Sternberg, intelligence is a product of culture.

Vyotsky believes that while elementary7 mental operations are common, higher mental activities like problem-solving and thinking are culturally produced.

Technological Intelligence :-

1. Promotes an individualistic pattern of action.
2. Individuals in technologically educated western societies possess this kind of intelligence.
3. They are well versed in skills of attention, observation, analysis, speed, moves abstraction, generalisation, creativity, Minimum moves etc.

Integral Intelligence :-

1. Intelligence in the Indian tradition is integral intelligence.
2. It views intelligence from a holistic perspective.
3. It gives equal attention to cognitive and non-cognitive processes, as well as their integration.
4. ‘Buddhi’ is the knowledge of one’s own self based on conscience, will and desire.
5. It has effective, motivational as well as cognitive components.

It includes :-

1. Cognitive competence (discrimination, problem-solving).
2. Social competence (respect for elders, concern for others, respecting opinions of others).
3. Emotional competence (self regulation, self monitoring).
4. Entrepreneurial competence (commitment, persistence, patience).