Question

Answer the following question.
Draw the circuit arrangement for studying the output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE configuration. Explain how the output characteristics is obtained.

Answer 1

Circuit arrangement for studying the output characteristics of an n-p-n  transistor in CE configuration

Variation of collector current I_C with the collector − Emitter voltage V_CE is called output characteristics

The output characteristics describe the relationship between output current (I_C) and output voltage (V_CE).  
First, draw a vertical line and a horizontal line. The vertical line represents the y-axis and horizontal line represents x-axis. The output current or collector current (I_C) is taken along the y-axis (vertical line) and the output voltage (V_CE) is taken along the x-axis (horizontal line).
To determine the output characteristics, the input current or base current I_B is kept constant at 0 μA and the output voltage
V_CE is increased from zero volts to different voltage levels. For each level of the output voltage, the corresponding output current (I_C) is recorded.
A curve is then drawn between output current I_C and output voltage V_CE at constant input current I_B (0 μA).