CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CISCE Syllabus 2026-27 ICSE Class 10 : The CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, CISCE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CISCE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Revised Syllabus
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1: Map Work [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus
1 Interpretation of Topographical Maps [Revision]
- Introduction to Topographical Maps and Their Significance
- Elements of a Map
- Types of Maps
- Structure of Topographical Map
- Various Levels of Topographical Maps Based on Different Scales
- Topographic or Ordnance Survey Maps
- Map Scale
- Verbal Scale
- Numerical Scale
- Linear Scale
- Grid Reference
- National Grid Reference
- Conventional Signs and Symbols used in Topographical Maps
- Representation of Relief Features
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Hachures
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Hill Shading
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Contours
- Identification of Landforms Marked by Contours
- Triangulated Height
- Spot Heights
- Bench Marks
- Relative Height
- Contour Diagrams
- River Features and Drainage Pattern in a Topographical Map
- The Stages of the River
- Measurement of Distances on a Map
- Means of Irrigation and Other Water Features in a Topographical Map
- Direction
- Representation of Heights in · Topographical Map
- Map Reading
- Natural Features
- Man-made Features
- Primary Information or Marginal Information
- Relationship Between Physical Features and Human Activities
- Relief features and land use
- Settlements
- Occupation
- Analysis of Topo-sheet No. G43S7
- Area, District, Location, Physical Features, Drainage Pattern, Climate and Vegetation, Settlement, Transport and communication, Occupation of the people
- Analysis of Topo-sheet No. G43S10
- Area, District, Location, Physical Features, Drainage Pattern, Climate and Vegetation, Settlement, Transport and communication, Occupation of the people
- Occupation, Settlement Pattern, Natural Vegetation, Human-Made and Natural Features
2 Map of India [Revision]
- Physical and Political Features of India – Map Work
- Mountains, Peaks, Passes and Plateaus of India
- Mountains : Himalayas, Karakoram, Aravali, Vindhyas, Satpura, Western and Eastern Ghats, Nilgiris, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, etc.
- Peaks : Mount Godwin Austin (K2), Kanchenjunga, etc.
- Passes : Karakoram, Nathu-La Passes, etc.
- Plateaus : Deccan Plateau, Chota Nagpur Plateau.
- Plains, Desert of India
- Rivers and Water Bodies of India
- Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna, Kosi, Chambal, Betwa, Damodar, Tapti, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauveri, Tungabhadra.
- Water Bodies: Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Khambhat, Andaman Sea, Chilka Lake, Wular Lake.
- Latitude and Longitude of India
- Direction of South-West Monsoon Winds in India
- Direction of North-East Monsoon Winds in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Soil Distribution of India
- Cities in India
- Distribution of Population in India
2 Contours [Revision]
- Representation of Relief Features
- Methods of Representation of Relief on the Map > Contours
- Contour Interval
- Vertical Interval
- Horizontal Equivalent
- Gradient
- Calculation of Gradient of a Landscape
- Identification of Landforms Marked by Contours
- Triangulated Height
- Spot Heights
- Bench Marks
- Relative Height
- Drawing of Contours and Their Cross Sections
- Slops: Steep Slope, Gentle Slope, Concave Slope, Convex Slope, Hill.
- Valleys: ‘V’-shaped Valley, ‘U’-shaped Valley, Hanging Valley, Gorge or Canyon
- Drainage systems: Dendrltic Drainage Pattern, Trellised Drainage Pattern, Radial Drainage Pattern, Disappearing Streams
- Ridge
- Water Divide
- Escarpment
- Conventional Signs and Symbols used in Topographical Maps
- Features on a Topo-sheet
3 Scales and Direction [Revision]
- Map Scale
- Verbal Scale
- Numerical Scale
- Linear Scale
- Types of Scale
- A Statement
- Linear or Graphic Scale
- Representative Fraction
- Measuring Distance on the Map Using Scales
- To measure distance along a straight line
- To measure distance along curves
- Area by the Grid Square Method
4 Map Reading and Interpretation [Revision]
- Map Reading
- Natural Features
- Man-made Features
- Primary Information or Marginal Information
- Representation of Relief Features
- Relationship Between Physical Features and Human Activities
- Relief features and land use
- Settlements
- Occupation
- Analysis of Topo-sheet No. G43S7
- Area, District, Location, Physical Features, Drainage Pattern, Climate and Vegetation, Settlement, Transport and communication, Occupation of the people
- Analysis of Topo-sheet No. G43S10
- Area, District, Location, Physical Features, Drainage Pattern, Climate and Vegetation, Settlement, Transport and communication, Occupation of the people
2: Geography of India [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus
3 Location, Extent and Physical Features of India [Revision]
- Introduction of Location and Extent
- Physical Features of India
- Physical Division of India
- Significance of the Great Northern Wall
- Physical Division of India > North Indian Plains
- Western Himalayas VS Eastern Himalayas
- Significance of the Northern Plains
- Physical Division of India > The Peninsula
- Introduction
- The Malwa Plateau
- The Deccan Plateau
- Chotanagpur Plateau
- Regions of the Peninsular Plateau
- Western Ghats VS Eastern Ghats
- Drainage System in the Peninsular India
- Physical Division of India > The Plateau Region
- Western Coastal Plains VS Eastern Coastal Plains
- Physical Division of India > The Coastal Plains
- Physical Division of India > The Island Group
- Introduction
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Lakshadweep Islands
- Difference between Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands
- Rivers of Northern India VS Rivers of Peninsular India
4 Climate of India [Revision]
- Climate of India
- Distribution of Temperature
- Factors Affecting India's Climate
- Land and Sea Breeze VS Monsoon Winds
- Seasons in India > Hot Dry Summer
- Seasons in India > The South-West Monsoon Season
- Seasons in India > Retreating Monsoon
- Seasons in India > The North-East Monsoon Season
- Distribution of Rainfall
- From Climate to Climate Change
- Advance of the Southwest Monsoon
- Characteristics of Southwest Monsoon
- Differences between the Arabian Sea Branch · and the Bay of Bengal Branch of Southwest Monsoon Winds
- Characteristics of Retreating Southwest monsoon season
- Differences between the Advancing Southwest monsoon and the Retreating Southwest Monsoon
- Differences between the rainfall brought by temperate cyclones and the rainfall brought by tropical cyclones
- Cold Dry Winter Season
- Characteristics of Cold dry winter season
- South-West Monsoon VS Retreating Monsoon VS North-East Monsoon
5 Soils in India [Revision]
- Introduction to Soil in India
- Soil Formation and Factors Affecting It
- Types of Soil > Alluvial Soil
- Types of Soil > Black Soil
- Types of Soil > Red Soil
- Types of Soil > Laterite Soils
- Soil Erosion
- Causes of Soil Erosion
- Prevention of Soil Erosion
- Soil Conservation
- Soil Conservation Schemes Initiated by the Government
- Alluvial Soil VS Black Soil VS Red Soil VS Laterite Soil
6 Natural Vegetation of India [Revision]
- Introduction of Natural Vegetation
- Importance of Forests
- Major Types of Vegetation in India
- Correlation of the Forests with the Environment
- Forest Conservation
- Introduction
- Chipko Movement
- Integrated Forest Protection Scheme (IFPS)
- Measures for Forest Conservation
- Role of Government in Forest Conservation
7 Water Resources [Revision]
- Sources of Water
- Need to Conserve Water
- Water Conservation Practices > Rainwater Harvesting
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Water Conservation Practices > Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
- Water Conservation Practices > Recharging Groundwater Aquifers
- Irrigation
- Need for Irrigation
- Means of Irrigation
- Modern Irrigation Methods
- Drip irrigation method
- Springler Method
- Rain Gun
- Central - Pivot Irrigation
- Furrow Irrigation
- Multipurpose River Valley Projects
- Modern Irrigation Methods
- India: A Land of Rivers Yet Water Scarce
8 Mineral and Energy Resources in India - Part I [Revision]
- Minerals
- Types of Minerals in India
- Major Minerals of India > Iron Ore
- Uses and Distribution of Ion ore
- Major Minerals of India > Manganese
- Uses and Distribution of Manganese
- Major Minerals of India > Copper
- Uses and Distribution of Copper
- Major Minerals of India > Bauxite (Aluminium)
- Uses and Distribution of Bauxite
9 Mineral and Energy Resources - Part II [Revision]
- Sources of Energy
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Coal
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Petroleum or Mineral Oil
- Oil Refineries in India
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Natural Gas
- Conventional Sources of Energy > Hydel Power
- Bhakra Nangal Dam
- Hirakud Project
- Non-Conventional Sources > Solar Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Wind Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Tidal Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Geothermal Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Nuclear Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources > Biogas Energy
- Major Producers of Minerals and Energy Resources in India
10 Agriculture in India - Part I [Revision]
- Importance and Features of Indian Agriculture
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Economic Problems
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Environmental Problems
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Technological Problems
- Problems Faced by the Agricultural Sector in India > Institutional Problems
- Agricultural Reforms and the Green Revolution in India
- Minimum Support Price (MSP)
- Types of Farming in India > Subsistence Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Commercial Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Shifting Agriculture
- Types of Farming in India > Intensive Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Extensive Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Plantation Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Mixed Farming
- Types of Farming in India > Organic Farming
- Key Points: Organic farming
- Types of Farming in India > Cooperative Farming
- Agricultural Seasons in India
11 Agriculture in India Part II - Food Crops [Revision]
- Classification of Crops
- Rice
- Requirements for the cultivation of Rice
- Types of Rice
- Methods of rice cultivation
- Methods of sowing rice seeds
- Harvesting and processing of rice
- Distribution
- Rice
- Major Crops: Food Crops
12 Agriculture in India Part III - Cash Crops [Revision]
- Cash Crops
- Sugarcane
- Introduction
- Climatic Condition
- Soil
- Methods of Cultivation
- Distribution
- Problems of Sugarcane Cultivators
- Role of Government in Solving Farmers Problems
- Oilseeds
- Cotton
- Jute
- Tea
- Coffee
- Sugarcane
- Major Crops: Food Crops
- Overview of Agriculture in India Part III - Cash Crops
13 Industries in India Part I -Agro Based Industries [Revision]
- Importance Of Industries
- Factors Affecting The Location Of Industries
- Classification of Industries
- Major Industrial Regions
- Agro-Based Industries > Sugar Industry
- Introduction
- Products and By-Products
- Distribution of Sugar Industry In India
- Centres of Sugar Industry
- Sugar Industry-North India VS Sugar Industry-Peninsular India
- Problems faced by Sugar Industry in India
- Agro-Based Industries > Cotton Textile Industry
- Introduction
- Growth of Textile Industry in India
- Location of Cotton Textile Industry in India
- Production
- Distribution of Cotton Textile Industry in India
- Agro-Based Industries > Silk Textile Industry
14 Industries in India Part II - Mineral-Based Industries [Revision]
- Mineral Based Industries
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Introduction
- Growth of Iron and Steel Industry in India
- Locational Factors
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Major Iron and Steel Plants
- Petrochemical Industry
- Electronics
- Overview of Industries in India Part II - Mineral-Based Industries
15 Transport in India [Revision]
- Introduction and Importance of Transport System in India
- Types of Transport > Roadways
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Roadways
- Types of Transport > Railways
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Railways
- Types of Transport > Airways
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Airways
- Types of Transport > Waterways
- Oceanic Waterways or Coastal Shipping
- Expressways VS National Highways
- Difference Between a Port and a Harbour
- Overview of Transport in India
16 Waste Management Part I - Impact of Waste Accumulation [Revision]
- Concept of Waste
- Sources of Waste
- Types of Pollution
- Impact of Accumulated Waste > Spoilage of Landscape
- Impact of Accumulated Waste > Pollution
- Health Hazards
- Need for Management of Waste
- Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Key Points: Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
- Overview of Waste Management Part I - Impact of Waste Accumulation
17 Waste Management Part II - Need for Waste Management and Methods of Safe Disposal [Revision]
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Segregation
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Dumping
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Composting
- Methods of Safe Disposal of Waste > Incineration
- Reduce-Reuse-Recycle Waste
- Overview of Waste Management Part II - Need for Waste Management and Methods of Safe Disposal
18 Waste Management Part III - Need and Methods for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Waste [Revision]
- Reducing Waste
- Need for Reusing Waste
- Recycling of Waste
- Government Initiatives to Manage Waste
- Overview of Waste Management Part III - Need and Methods for Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Waste
