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CUET (UG) entrance exam Question Bank Solutions for English

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'At long last, I can say a few words of my own. I have never wanted to withhold anything, but until now it has not been constitutionally possible for me to speak.

A few hours ago, I discharged my last duty as King and Emperor, and now that I have been succeeded by my brother, and Duke of York, my first words must be to declare my allegiance to him. This I do with all my heart.

You know all reasons which have impelled me to renounce the throne. But I want you to understand that in making up my mind I did not forget the country or the empire, which, as Prince of Wales and lately as King, I have for twenty-five years tried to service.

But you must believe me when I tell you that I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love.

And I want you to know that the decision I have made has been mine and mine alone. This was a thing I had to judge entirely for myself. The other person most nearly concerned has tried up to the last to persuade me to take a different course.

I have made this, the most serious decision of my life, only upon the single thought of what would, in the end, be best for all.

This decision has been made less difficult to me by the sure knowledge that my brother, with his long training in the public affairs of this country and with his fine qualities, will be able to take my place forthwith without interruption or injury to the life and progress of the empire. And he has one matchless blessing, enjoyed by so many of you, and not bestowed on me- a happy home with his wife and children.

During these hard days, I have been comforted by her Majesty, my mother, and by my family. The ministers of the Crown, and in particular, Mr. Baldwin, the Prime Minister, have always treated me with full consideration. There has never been any constitutional difference between me and them, between me and Parliament. Bred in the constitutional tradition by my father, I should never have allowed any such issue to arise.

Ever since I was Prince of Wales, and later on when I occupied the throne, I have been treated with the greatest kindness by all classes of the people wherever I have lived or journeyed throughout the empire. For that, I am very grateful.

I now quit altogether public affairs and I lay down my burden. It may be sometime before I return to my native land, but I shall always follow the fortunes of the British race and empire with profound interest, and if at any time in the future I can be found of service to His Majesty in a private section, I shall not fail.

And now, we all have a new King. I wish him and you, his people, happiness, and prosperity with all my heart. God bless you all! God save the King!"

To which country does the author belongs to?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
         We should recognise the indebtedness of the country to its farm families who toil to safeguard national food security. Loan waiver is the price we have to pay for the neglect of rural India over the past several decades. There has been a gradual decline in investment in key sectors related to agriculture such as infrastructure, marketing, post-harvest technology etc. The four crore farmers whose debt is to be relieved will be eligible for institutional credit for their cultivation expenses during Kharif 2008. The challenge is to prevent them from getting into the debt trap again. For this purpose the Central and various State governments should set up an Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium, comprising scientists, panchayat raj officials and others relevant to assist- ing farmers to improve the profitability and productivity of their farms in an environmentally sustainable manner. The smaller the farm the greater is the need for marketable surplus to reduce indebtedness.
        The Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium should aim to get all the four crore farmers all the benefits of the government schemes such as the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Irrigation Benefit Programme and others. If this is done every farm family released from the debt trap should be able to produce at least an additional half tonne per hectare of food grains. This should help increase food production by about 20 million tonnes by 2008-10. At a time when global and national food stocks are dwindling and prices are rising, this will be a timely gain for our national food security. We need to ensure that the outcome of the debt waiver enhances farmers' income and production. The prevailing gap between potential and actual yields in the crops of rainfed areas such as pulses and oilseeds is over 200 percent even with the necessary technologies on the shelf. We are now importing without duty large quantities of pulses and oilseeds. If helped, farmers can produce these at a lower cost.
      Opportunities for assured and remunerative marketing are essential if loan waiver is not to become a recurring event leading to the destruction of the credit system. This is why the Minimum Support Price is necessary for all not just for a few crops which is the case at present. This is the single most effective step to make loan waivers history. There is another urgent step which needs to be taken. The loan waiver does not cover those who borrow from moneylenders.
      It will not be possible for the government to scrutinise the veracity of such private deals but steps can be taken such as giving them Smart Cards which will entitle them to essential inputs like seeds and fertilisers. The gram sabha can be entrusted with the task of identifying these farmers so that there is transparency in the process and elimination of the chances for falsification and corruption. Fear of occasional misuse should not come in the way of enabling millions of poor farmers who have borrowed from informal sources if we are to achieve the goal of four percent growth in agriculture.

What is the objective of the Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

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'At long last, I can say a few words of my own. I have never wanted to withhold anything, but until now it has not been constitutionally possible for me to speak.

A few hours ago, I discharged my last duty as King and Emperor, and now that I have been succeeded by my brother, and Duke of York, my first words must be to declare my allegiance to him. This I do with all my heart.

You know all reasons which have impelled me to renounce the throne. But I want you to understand that in making up my mind I did not forget the country or the empire, which, as Prince of Wales and lately as King, I have for twenty-five years tried to service.

But you must believe me when I tell you that I have found it impossible to carry the heavy burden of responsibility and to discharge my duties as King as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love.

And I want you to know that the decision I have made has been mine and mine alone. This was a thing I had to judge entirely for myself. The other person most nearly concerned has tried up to the last to persuade me to take a different course.

I have made this, the most serious decision of my life, only upon the single thought of what would, in the end, be best for all.

This decision has been made less difficult to me by the sure knowledge that my brother, with his long training in the public affairs of this country and with his fine qualities, will be able to take my place forthwith without interruption or injury to the life and progress of the empire. And he has one matchless blessing, enjoyed by so many of you, and not bestowed on me- a happy home with his wife and children.

During these hard days, I have been comforted by her Majesty, my mother, and by my family. The ministers of the Crown, and in particular, Mr. Baldwin, the Prime Minister, have always treated me with full consideration. There has never been any constitutional difference between me and them, between me and Parliament. Bred in the constitutional tradition by my father, I should never have allowed any such issue to arise.

Ever since I was Prince of Wales, and later on when I occupied the throne, I have been treated with the greatest kindness by all classes of the people wherever I have lived or journeyed throughout the empire. For that, I am very grateful.

I now quit altogether public affairs and I lay down my burden. It may be sometime before I return to my native land, but I shall always follow the fortunes of the British race and empire with profound interest, and if at any time in the future I can be found of service to His Majesty in a private section, I shall not fail.

And now, we all have a new King. I wish him and you, his people, happiness, and prosperity with all my heart. God bless you all! God save the King!"

What does the author tells about the independence of his decision?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
         We should recognise the indebtedness of the country to its farm families who toil to safeguard national food security. Loan waiver is the price we have to pay for the neglect of rural India over the past several decades. There has been a gradual decline in investment in key sectors related to agriculture such as infrastructure, marketing, post-harvest technology etc. The four crore farmers whose debt is to be relieved will be eligible for institutional credit for their cultivation expenses during Kharif 2008. The challenge is to prevent them from getting into the debt trap again. For this purpose the Central and various State governments should set up an Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium, comprising scientists, panchayat raj officials and others relevant to assist- ing farmers to improve the profitability and productivity of their farms in an environmentally sustainable manner. The smaller the farm the greater is the need for marketable surplus to reduce indebtedness.
        The Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium should aim to get all the four crore farmers all the benefits of the government schemes such as the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Irrigation Benefit Programme and others. If this is done every farm family released from the debt trap should be able to produce at least an additional half tonne per hectare of food grains. This should help increase food production by about 20 million tonnes by 2008-10. At a time when global and national food stocks are dwindling and prices are rising, this will be a timely gain for our national food security. We need to ensure that the outcome of the debt waiver enhances farmers' income and production. The prevailing gap between potential and actual yields in the crops of rainfed areas such as pulses and oilseeds is over 200 percent even with the necessary technologies on the shelf. We are now importing without duty large quantities of pulses and oilseeds. If helped, farmers can produce these at a lower cost.
      Opportunities for assured and remunerative marketing are essential if loan waiver is not to become a recurring event leading to the destruction of the credit system. This is why the Minimum Support Price is necessary for all not just for a few crops which is the case at present. This is the single most effective step to make loan waivers history. There is another urgent step which needs to be taken. The loan waiver does not cover those who borrow from moneylenders.
      It will not be possible for the government to scrutinise the veracity of such private deals but steps can be taken such as giving them Smart Cards which will entitle them to essential inputs like seeds and fertilisers. The gram sabha can be entrusted with the task of identifying these farmers so that there is transparency in the process and elimination of the chances for falsification and corruption. Fear of occasional misuse should not come in the way of enabling millions of poor farmers who have borrowed from informal sources if we are to achieve the goal of four percent growth in agriculture.

What is the author's opinion of recurring loan waivers?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
         We should recognise the indebtedness of the country to its farm families who toil to safeguard national food security. Loan waiver is the price we have to pay for the neglect of rural India over the past several decades. There has been a gradual decline in investment in key sectors related to agriculture such as infrastructure, marketing, post-harvest technology etc. The four crore farmers whose debt is to be relieved will be eligible for institutional credit for their cultivation expenses during Kharif 2008. The challenge is to prevent them from getting into the debt trap again. For this purpose the Central and various State governments should set up an Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium, comprising scientists, panchayat raj officials and others relevant to assist- ing farmers to improve the profitability and productivity of their farms in an environmentally sustainable manner. The smaller the farm the greater is the need for marketable surplus to reduce indebtedness.
        The Indebted Farmers' Support Consortium should aim to get all the four crore farmers all the benefits of the government schemes such as the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, Irrigation Benefit Programme and others. If this is done every farm family released from the debt trap should be able to produce at least an additional half tonne per hectare of food grains. This should help increase food production by about 20 million tonnes by 2008-10. At a time when global and national food stocks are dwindling and prices are rising, this will be a timely gain for our national food security. We need to ensure that the outcome of the debt waiver enhances farmers' income and production. The prevailing gap between potential and actual yields in the crops of rainfed areas such as pulses and oilseeds is over 200 percent even with the necessary technologies on the shelf. We are now importing without duty large quantities of pulses and oilseeds. If helped, farmers can produce these at a lower cost.
      Opportunities for assured and remunerative marketing are essential if loan waiver is not to become a recurring event leading to the destruction of the credit system. This is why the Minimum Support Price is necessary for all not just for a few crops which is the case at present. This is the single most effective step to make loan waivers history. There is another urgent step which needs to be taken. The loan waiver does not cover those who borrow from moneylenders.
      It will not be possible for the government to scrutinise the veracity of such private deals but steps can be taken such as giving them Smart Cards which will entitle them to essential inputs like seeds and fertilisers. The gram sabha can be entrusted with the task of identifying these farmers so that there is transparency in the process and elimination of the chances for falsification and corruption. Fear of occasional misuse should not come in the way of enabling millions of poor farmers who have borrowed from informal sources if we are to achieve the goal of four percent growth in agriculture.

Why is there a vast gap in actual and potential yields of crops in rainfed areas?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

I cried because I had no shoes until I met a man who had no feet.

I'm not sure about the giver of the quote in this title. I used to believe it to have been said by Shakespeare but when I searched Google to confirm, I found that quite probably, it could be given by some other significant personality too.

Regardless of the individual who quoted, it's marvellous! And how true, is it not common between us humans? One more saying goes like 'today is the tomorrow that you dreamt about yesterday'. In all of our today's we keep running and running, madly-blindly for a better future. And when that future finally comes, we simply forget that we have always been waiting for this. Even if we remember, it's momentary. We immediately switch to thoughts about our upcoming future, attempting to attain more and more and more. Well, good thing, of course, we should always work hard and smart to do bigger and better things in life but bad is when we forget to cherish what we have already achieved. Some of us subconsciously do it so much that one can find them complaining and cribbing all the time.

If I talk about myself, somehow even in the worst phase of my life, I had a vague flame of hope and positivity alive in my heart. Although it was striving to keep burning and wasn't very visible on the outside, still it existed. Thankfully, I have always had a habit of finding pleasure in small things in life.

That combined with a sense of gratitude to the Almighty, has worked wonders. During that miserable phase of my life, whenever I used to sit on the window seat of a vehicle while traveling, I had a habit of getting lost in my world while having a look at the surroundings. Every time while doing that, my eyes fell upon someone genuinely poor and hungry, usually covered in torn clothes, I felt compassion. I say 'genuinely' because I feel that these days not every poor person is pitiable.

You never know when they might be faking it. Also, I had read somewhere long back that offering money to every other beggar you come across, promotes the business of gangsters behind begging. So, I always refrain from giving money to such people, especially if otherwise young and healthy. But yes, knowingly or unknowingly always a prayer emerged from my heart that may God help the person if she deserved it.

Besides, I used to feel thankful to Him for bestowing all the blessings on me that I had at that moment. Even if it meant just necessities, belongings, and my angel-hearted people around. Of course, as per human nature, I did wish for a better life and more to call mine but all in all, I felt contentment.

And this always added to my zealful perseverance. Even at my worst, I used to believe in the saying 'there is always-always-always something to be thankful for'. Thus, positivity kept getting added to my life, visibly or non-visibly. And the outcome is here, in front of you. I continue to have the belief that I am completely content while giving my best to achieve more and more. Some of you might wonder, if I am still wishing to achieve more and more, how come I am content at the same time. Well, let me clarify.

It just means, I sure am working on myself to be refined and groomed while looking up. But by saying I'm content, I mean I am not restless about the results. I am not worried about getting more. Most importantly, I am not comparing myself with anyone anymore since long back. I do cherish my feet and while I do work on getting a pair of shoes, I am not crying for them. I am thankful, I am content.

When did the author felt gratitude in his life?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
       “We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals. We now know that it is bad economics,” said American President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 in the midst of the Great Depression. And the world has learnt that enlightened self-interest is good economics all over again after the Great Recession of 2009. Americans are entering a period of social change as they are recalibrating their sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing among Americans – the idea that they can serve not only by spending time in communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. In short, Americans are beginning to put their money where their ideals are.
       In a recent poll most said they had consciously supported local or small neighbourhood businesses and 40 percent said that they had purchased a product because they liked the social or political values of the company that produced it. People were alarmed about ‘blood diamonds’ mined in war zones and used to finance conflict in Africa. They were also willing to pay $2000 more for a car that gets 35 miles per gallon than for one that gives less, though the former is more expensive but environment friendly. Of course, consumers have done their own doing-well-by doing- good calculation –a more expensive car that gives; better mileage will save them money in the long run and makes them feel good about protecting the environment. Moreover since 1995, the number of socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual funds, which generally avoid buying shares of companies that profit from tobacco, oil or child labour has grown from 55 to 260. SRI funds now manage approximately 11 percent of all the money invested in the US financial markets an estimated $ 2.7 trillion. This is evidence of a changing mindset in a nation whose most iconic economist Milton Friedman wrote in 1970 that a corporation's only moral responsibility was to increase shareholder profits.
      At first the corporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behaviour such as discriminatory labour practices. The nexus of activist groups, consumers and government regulation could not merely tarnish a company but put it out of business. But corporate America quickly discerned that social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. Some companies quickly embraced the new ethos that consumers boycotted products they considered unethical and others purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible. With global warming on the minds of many consumers lots of companies are racing to ‘outgreen’ each other. The most progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom line-profit, planet and people – that focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions.
      This is a time when the only thing that has sunk lower than the American public's opinion of Congress is its opinion of business. One burning question is how many of these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo effect? After all only 8 per cent of the large American corporations go through the trouble of verifying their CSR reports, which many consumers don't bother to read. And while social responsibility is one way for companies to get back their reputations consumers too need to make ethical choices.

To what does the author attribute the consumers' willingness to purchase environment-friendly vehicles?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
       “We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals. We now know that it is bad economics,” said American President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 in the midst of the Great Depression. And the world has learnt that enlightened self-interest is good economics all over again after the Great Recession of 2009. Americans are entering a period of social change as they are recalibrating their sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing among Americans – the idea that they can serve not only by spending time in communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. In short, Americans are beginning to put their money where their ideals are.
       In a recent poll most said they had consciously supported local or small neighbourhood businesses and 40 percent said that they had purchased a product because they liked the social or political values of the company that produced it. People were alarmed about ‘blood diamonds’ mined in war zones and used to finance conflict in Africa. They were also willing to pay $2000 more for a car that gets 35 miles per gallon than for one that gives less, though the former is more expensive but environment friendly. Of course, consumers have done their own doing-well-by doing- good calculation –a more expensive car that gives; better mileage will save them money in the long run and makes them feel good about protecting the environment. Moreover since 1995, the number of socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual funds, which generally avoid buying shares of companies that profit from tobacco, oil or child labour has grown from 55 to 260. SRI funds now manage approximately 11 percent of all the money invested in the US financial markets an estimated $ 2.7 trillion. This is evidence of a changing mindset in a nation whose most iconic economist Milton Friedman wrote in 1970 that a corporation's only moral responsibility was to increase shareholder profits.
      At first the corporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behaviour such as discriminatory labour practices. The nexus of activist groups, consumers and government regulation could not merely tarnish a company but put it out of business. But corporate America quickly discerned that social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. Some companies quickly embraced the new ethos that consumers boycotted products they considered unethical and others purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible. With global warming on the minds of many consumers lots of companies are racing to ‘outgreen’ each other. The most progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom line-profit, planet and people – that focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions.
      This is a time when the only thing that has sunk lower than the American public's opinion of Congress is its opinion of business. One burning question is how many of these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo effect? After all only 8 per cent of the large American corporations go through the trouble of verifying their CSR reports, which many consumers don't bother to read. And while social responsibility is one way for companies to get back their reputations consumers too need to make ethical choices.

Which of the following is the CENTRAL IDEA of the passage?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

I cried because I had no shoes until I met a man who had no feet.

I'm not sure about the giver of the quote in this title. I used to believe it to have been said by Shakespeare but when I searched Google to confirm, I found that quite probably, it could be given by some other significant personality too.

Regardless of the individual who quoted, it's marvellous! And how true, is it not common between us humans? One more saying goes like 'today is the tomorrow that you dreamt about yesterday'. In all of our today's we keep running and running, madly-blindly for a better future. And when that future finally comes, we simply forget that we have always been waiting for this. Even if we remember, it's momentary. We immediately switch to thoughts about our upcoming future, attempting to attain more and more and more. Well, good thing, of course, we should always work hard and smart to do bigger and better things in life but bad is when we forget to cherish what we have already achieved. Some of us subconsciously do it so much that one can find them complaining and cribbing all the time.

If I talk about myself, somehow even in the worst phase of my life, I had a vague flame of hope and positivity alive in my heart. Although it was striving to keep burning and wasn't very visible on the outside, still it existed. Thankfully, I have always had a habit of finding pleasure in small things in life.

That combined with a sense of gratitude to the Almighty, has worked wonders. During that miserable phase of my life, whenever I used to sit on the window seat of a vehicle while traveling, I had a habit of getting lost in my world while having a look at the surroundings. Every time while doing that, my eyes fell upon someone genuinely poor and hungry, usually covered in torn clothes, I felt compassion. I say 'genuinely' because I feel that these days not every poor person is pitiable.

You never know when they might be faking it. Also, I had read somewhere long back that offering money to every other beggar you come across, promotes the business of gangsters behind begging. So, I always refrain from giving money to such people, especially if otherwise young and healthy. But yes, knowingly or unknowingly always a prayer emerged from my heart that may God help the person if she deserved it.

Besides, I used to feel thankful to Him for bestowing all the blessings on me that I had at that moment. Even if it meant just necessities, belongings, and my angel-hearted people around. Of course, as per human nature, I did wish for a better life and more to call mine but all in all, I felt contentment.

And this always added to my zealful perseverance. Even at my worst, I used to believe in the saying 'there is always-always-always something to be thankful for'. Thus, positivity kept getting added to my life, visibly or non-visibly. And the outcome is here, in front of you. I continue to have the belief that I am completely content while giving my best to achieve more and more. Some of you might wonder, if I am still wishing to achieve more and more, how come I am content at the same time. Well, let me clarify.

It just means, I sure am working on myself to be refined and groomed while looking up. But by saying I'm content, I mean I am not restless about the results. I am not worried about getting more. Most importantly, I am not comparing myself with anyone anymore since long back. I do cherish my feet and while I do work on getting a pair of shoes, I am not crying for them. I am thankful, I am content.

What is the most important thing to remember in miserable times?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
       “We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals. We now know that it is bad economics,” said American President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 in the midst of the Great Depression. And the world has learnt that enlightened self-interest is good economics all over again after the Great Recession of 2009. Americans are entering a period of social change as they are recalibrating their sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing among Americans – the idea that they can serve not only by spending time in communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. In short, Americans are beginning to put their money where their ideals are.
       In a recent poll most said they had consciously supported local or small neighbourhood businesses and 40 percent said that they had purchased a product because they liked the social or political values of the company that produced it. People were alarmed about ‘blood diamonds’ mined in war zones and used to finance conflict in Africa. They were also willing to pay $2000 more for a car that gets 35 miles per gallon than for one that gives less, though the former is more expensive but environment friendly. Of course, consumers have done their own doing-well-by doing- good calculation –a more expensive car that gives; better mileage will save them money in the long run and makes them feel good about protecting the environment. Moreover since 1995, the number of socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual funds, which generally avoid buying shares of companies that profit from tobacco, oil or child labour has grown from 55 to 260. SRI funds now manage approximately 11 percent of all the money invested in the US financial markets an estimated $ 2.7 trillion. This is evidence of a changing mindset in a nation whose most iconic economist Milton Friedman wrote in 1970 that a corporation's only moral responsibility was to increase shareholder profits.
      At first the corporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behaviour such as discriminatory labour practices. The nexus of activist groups, consumers and government regulation could not merely tarnish a company but put it out of business. But corporate America quickly discerned that social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. Some companies quickly embraced the new ethos that consumers boycotted products they considered unethical and others purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible. With global warming on the minds of many consumers lots of companies are racing to ‘outgreen’ each other. The most progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom line-profit, planet and people – that focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions.
      This is a time when the only thing that has sunk lower than the American public's opinion of Congress is its opinion of business. One burning question is how many of these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo effect? After all only 8 per cent of the large American corporations go through the trouble of verifying their CSR reports, which many consumers don't bother to read. And while social responsibility is one way for companies to get back their reputations consumers too need to make ethical choices.

Which of the following factors has led to corporations adopting more socially responsible practices?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

I cried because I had no shoes until I met a man who had no feet.

I'm not sure about the giver of the quote in this title. I used to believe it to have been said by Shakespeare but when I searched Google to confirm, I found that quite probably, it could be given by some other significant personality too.

Regardless of the individual who quoted, it's marvellous! And how true, is it not common between us humans? One more saying goes like 'today is the tomorrow that you dreamt about yesterday'. In all of our today's we keep running and running, madly-blindly for a better future. And when that future finally comes, we simply forget that we have always been waiting for this. Even if we remember, it's momentary. We immediately switch to thoughts about our upcoming future, attempting to attain more and more and more. Well, good thing, of course, we should always work hard and smart to do bigger and better things in life but bad is when we forget to cherish what we have already achieved. Some of us subconsciously do it so much that one can find them complaining and cribbing all the time.

If I talk about myself, somehow even in the worst phase of my life, I had a vague flame of hope and positivity alive in my heart. Although it was striving to keep burning and wasn't very visible on the outside, still it existed. Thankfully, I have always had a habit of finding pleasure in small things in life.

That combined with a sense of gratitude to the Almighty, has worked wonders. During that miserable phase of my life, whenever I used to sit on the window seat of a vehicle while traveling, I had a habit of getting lost in my world while having a look at the surroundings. Every time while doing that, my eyes fell upon someone genuinely poor and hungry, usually covered in torn clothes, I felt compassion. I say 'genuinely' because I feel that these days not every poor person is pitiable.

You never know when they might be faking it. Also, I had read somewhere long back that offering money to every other beggar you come across, promotes the business of gangsters behind begging. So, I always refrain from giving money to such people, especially if otherwise young and healthy. But yes, knowingly or unknowingly always a prayer emerged from my heart that may God help the person if she deserved it.

Besides, I used to feel thankful to Him for bestowing all the blessings on me that I had at that moment. Even if it meant just necessities, belongings, and my angel-hearted people around. Of course, as per human nature, I did wish for a better life and more to call mine but all in all, I felt contentment.

And this always added to my zealful perseverance. Even at my worst, I used to believe in the saying 'there is always-always-always something to be thankful for'. Thus, positivity kept getting added to my life, visibly or non-visibly. And the outcome is here, in front of you. I continue to have the belief that I am completely content while giving my best to achieve more and more. Some of you might wonder, if I am still wishing to achieve more and more, how come I am content at the same time. Well, let me clarify.

It just means, I sure am working on myself to be refined and groomed while looking up. But by saying I'm content, I mean I am not restless about the results. I am not worried about getting more. Most importantly, I am not comparing myself with anyone anymore since long back. I do cherish my feet and while I do work on getting a pair of shoes, I am not crying for them. I am thankful, I am content.

Which of the following word is similar to the word 'perseverance'?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
       “We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals. We now know that it is bad economics,” said American President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 in the midst of the Great Depression. And the world has learnt that enlightened self-interest is good economics all over again after the Great Recession of 2009. Americans are entering a period of social change as they are recalibrating their sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing among Americans – the idea that they can serve not only by spending time in communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. In short, Americans are beginning to put their money where their ideals are.
       In a recent poll most said they had consciously supported local or small neighbourhood businesses and 40 percent said that they had purchased a product because they liked the social or political values of the company that produced it. People were alarmed about ‘blood diamonds’ mined in war zones and used to finance conflict in Africa. They were also willing to pay $2000 more for a car that gets 35 miles per gallon than for one that gives less, though the former is more expensive but environment friendly. Of course, consumers have done their own doing-well-by doing- good calculation –a more expensive car that gives; better mileage will save them money in the long run and makes them feel good about protecting the environment. Moreover since 1995, the number of socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual funds, which generally avoid buying shares of companies that profit from tobacco, oil or child labour has grown from 55 to 260. SRI funds now manage approximately 11 percent of all the money invested in the US financial markets an estimated $ 2.7 trillion. This is evidence of a changing mindset in a nation whose most iconic economist Milton Friedman wrote in 1970 that a corporation's only moral responsibility was to increase shareholder profits.
      At first the corporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behaviour such as discriminatory labour practices. The nexus of activist groups, consumers and government regulation could not merely tarnish a company but put it out of business. But corporate America quickly discerned that social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. Some companies quickly embraced the new ethos that consumers boycotted products they considered unethical and others purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible. With global warming on the minds of many consumers lots of companies are racing to ‘outgreen’ each other. The most progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom line-profit, planet and people – that focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions.
      This is a time when the only thing that has sunk lower than the American public's opinion of Congress is its opinion of business. One burning question is how many of these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo effect? After all only 8 per cent of the large American corporations go through the trouble of verifying their CSR reports, which many consumers don't bother to read. And while social responsibility is one way for companies to get back their reputations consumers too need to make ethical choices.

What is the author's view about companies, documentation of CSR initiatives?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
       “We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals. We now know that it is bad economics,” said American President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 in the midst of the Great Depression. And the world has learnt that enlightened self-interest is good economics all over again after the Great Recession of 2009. Americans are entering a period of social change as they are recalibrating their sense of what it means to be a citizen, not just through voting or volunteering but also through commerce. There is a new dimension to civic duty that is growing among Americans – the idea that they can serve not only by spending time in communities and classrooms but by spending more responsibly. In short, Americans are beginning to put their money where their ideals are.
       In a recent poll most said they had consciously supported local or small neighbourhood businesses and 40 percent said that they had purchased a product because they liked the social or political values of the company that produced it. People were alarmed about ‘blood diamonds’ mined in war zones and used to finance conflict in Africa. They were also willing to pay $2000 more for a car that gets 35 miles per gallon than for one that gives less, though the former is more expensive but environment friendly. Of course, consumers have done their own doing-well-by doing- good calculation –a more expensive car that gives; better mileage will save them money in the long run and makes them feel good about protecting the environment. Moreover since 1995, the number of socially responsible investment (SRI) mutual funds, which generally avoid buying shares of companies that profit from tobacco, oil or child labour has grown from 55 to 260. SRI funds now manage approximately 11 percent of all the money invested in the US financial markets an estimated $ 2.7 trillion. This is evidence of a changing mindset in a nation whose most iconic economist Milton Friedman wrote in 1970 that a corporation's only moral responsibility was to increase shareholder profits.
      At first the corporate stance was defensive: companies were punished by consumers for unethical behaviour such as discriminatory labour practices. The nexus of activist groups, consumers and government regulation could not merely tarnish a company but put it out of business. But corporate America quickly discerned that social responsibility attracts investment capital as well as customer loyalty, creating a virtuous circle. Some companies quickly embraced the new ethos that consumers boycotted products they considered unethical and others purchase products in part because their manufacturers were responsible. With global warming on the minds of many consumers lots of companies are racing to ‘outgreen’ each other. The most progressive companies are talking about a triple bottom line-profit, planet and people – that focuses on how to run a business while trying to improve environmental and worker conditions.
      This is a time when the only thing that has sunk lower than the American public's opinion of Congress is its opinion of business. One burning question is how many of these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives are just shrewd marketing to give companies a halo effect? After all only 8 per cent of the large American corporations go through the trouble of verifying their CSR reports, which many consumers don't bother to read. And while social responsibility is one way for companies to get back their reputations consumers too need to make ethical choices.

Which of the following CANNOT be said about small businesses?

  1. During the recession their profits have been higher than those made by big corporates.
  2. They adopt fair labour practices and environment friendly methods of production.
  3. They have managed to acquire an investment of over 11 per cent of American capital.
[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

About forty-five hundred years ago, not long after the completion of the Great Pyramid at Giza, a seed of Pinus longaeva, the Great Basin bristlecone pine, landed on a steep slope in what is now known as the White Mountains, in eastern California. The seed may have travelled there on a gust of wind, its flight aided by a wing like attachment to the nut or it could have been planted by a bird known as Clark's nutcracker, which likes to hide pine seeds in caches; nutcrackers have phenomenal spatial memory and can recall thousands of such caches. This seed, however, lay undisturbed. On a moist day in fall, or in the wake of melting snows in spring, a seedling appeared above ground-a stubby one-inch stem with a tuft of bright-green shoots. 

Most seedlings die within a year; the mortality rate is more than ninety-nine per cent. The survivors are sometimes seen growing in the shadow of a fallen tree. The landscape of the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, as this area of the White Mountains is called is littered with fragments of dead trees-trunks: limbs, roots, and smaller chunks. Pinus longaeva grows exclusively in subalpine regions of the Great Basin, which stretches from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada to the Wasatch Range, in Utah. Conditions are generally too arid for the dead wood to rot; instead, it erodes, sanded down like rock. The remnants may harbour nutrients and fungi that help new trees grow. Bristlecones rise from the bones of their ancestors-a city within a cemetery.

Coast redwoods and giant sequoias, California's gargantuan world-record-holding trees, can grow fifty feet or more in their first twenty years. Bristlecones rise agonizingly slowly. After four or five years, the seedling on the steep slope would have been just a few inches higher, sprouting needles in place of the embryonic shoots. The needles are a deep green, tough, resinous, and closely bunched, in groups of five. On a mature tree, they live for fifty years or more. Decades may have passed before the tree was human height, and decades more before it resembled a conventional pine. Bristlecone saplings grow straight up, with relatively sparse foliage, looking like undernourished Christmas trees. After a few hundred years-by which time the Old Kingdom of Egypt had fallen-it was probably forty or fifty feet in height.

Many tree species live for hundreds of years. A smaller but not inconsiderable number, including the sequoias and certain yews, oaks, cypresses, and junipers, survive for thousands. Once a bristlecone has established itself in the unforgiving conditions of the White Mountains, it can last almost indefinitely. The trees tend to grow some distance from one another, so fires almost never destroy an entire stand. Because only a few other plant species can handle the dry, cold climate, the bristlecones face little competition. Unlike most plants, they tolerate dolomite soil, which is composed of a chalky type of limestone that is heavily alkaline and low in nutrients. As for insect threats, bristlecone wood is so dense that mountain-pine beetles and other pests can rarely burrow their way into it.

According to author what is the mortality rate of seedlings?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

About forty-five hundred years ago, not long after the completion of the Great Pyramid at Giza, a seed of Pinus longaeva, the Great Basin bristlecone pine, landed on a steep slope in what is now known as the White Mountains, in eastern California. The seed may have travelled there on a gust of wind, its flight aided by a wing like attachment to the nut or it could have been planted by a bird known as Clark's nutcracker, which likes to hide pine seeds in caches; nutcrackers have phenomenal spatial memory and can recall thousands of such caches. This seed, however, lay undisturbed. On a moist day in fall, or in the wake of melting snows in spring, a seedling appeared above ground-a stubby one-inch stem with a tuft of bright-green shoots. 

Most seedlings die within a year; the mortality rate is more than ninety-nine per cent. The survivors are sometimes seen growing in the shadow of a fallen tree. The landscape of the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, as this area of the White Mountains is called is littered with fragments of dead trees-trunks: limbs, roots, and smaller chunks. Pinus longaeva grows exclusively in subalpine regions of the Great Basin, which stretches from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada to the Wasatch Range, in Utah. Conditions are generally too arid for the dead wood to rot; instead, it erodes, sanded down like rock. The remnants may harbour nutrients and fungi that help new trees grow. Bristlecones rise from the bones of their ancestors-a city within a cemetery.

Coast redwoods and giant sequoias, California's gargantuan world-record-holding trees, can grow fifty feet or more in their first twenty years. Bristlecones rise agonizingly slowly. After four or five years, the seedling on the steep slope would have been just a few inches higher, sprouting needles in place of the embryonic shoots. The needles are a deep green, tough, resinous, and closely bunched, in groups of five. On a mature tree, they live for fifty years or more. Decades may have passed before the tree was human height, and decades more before it resembled a conventional pine. Bristlecone saplings grow straight up, with relatively sparse foliage, looking like undernourished Christmas trees. After a few hundred years-by which time the Old Kingdom of Egypt had fallen-it was probably forty or fifty feet in height.

Many tree species live for hundreds of years. A smaller but not inconsiderable number, including the sequoias and certain yews, oaks, cypresses, and junipers, survive for thousands. Once a bristlecone has established itself in the unforgiving conditions of the White Mountains, it can last almost indefinitely. The trees tend to grow some distance from one another, so fires almost never destroy an entire stand. Because only a few other plant species can handle the dry, cold climate, the bristlecones face little competition. Unlike most plants, they tolerate dolomite soil, which is composed of a chalky type of limestone that is heavily alkaline and low in nutrients. As for insect threats, bristlecone wood is so dense that mountain-pine beetles and other pests can rarely burrow their way into it.

Coast redwoods and giant sequoias, California's gargantuan world-record-holding trees, can grow fifty feet or more in their first ______.

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

About forty-five hundred years ago, not long after the completion of the Great Pyramid at Giza, a seed of Pinus longaeva, the Great Basin bristlecone pine, landed on a steep slope in what is now known as the White Mountains, in eastern California. The seed may have travelled there on a gust of wind, its flight aided by a wing like attachment to the nut or it could have been planted by a bird known as Clark's nutcracker, which likes to hide pine seeds in caches; nutcrackers have phenomenal spatial memory and can recall thousands of such caches. This seed, however, lay undisturbed. On a moist day in fall, or in the wake of melting snows in spring, a seedling appeared above ground-a stubby one-inch stem with a tuft of bright-green shoots. 

Most seedlings die within a year; the mortality rate is more than ninety-nine per cent. The survivors are sometimes seen growing in the shadow of a fallen tree. The landscape of the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, as this area of the White Mountains is called is littered with fragments of dead trees-trunks: limbs, roots, and smaller chunks. Pinus longaeva grows exclusively in subalpine regions of the Great Basin, which stretches from the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada to the Wasatch Range, in Utah. Conditions are generally too arid for the dead wood to rot; instead, it erodes, sanded down like rock. The remnants may harbour nutrients and fungi that help new trees grow. Bristlecones rise from the bones of their ancestors-a city within a cemetery.

Coast redwoods and giant sequoias, California's gargantuan world-record-holding trees, can grow fifty feet or more in their first twenty years. Bristlecones rise agonizingly slowly. After four or five years, the seedling on the steep slope would have been just a few inches higher, sprouting needles in place of the embryonic shoots. The needles are a deep green, tough, resinous, and closely bunched, in groups of five. On a mature tree, they live for fifty years or more. Decades may have passed before the tree was human height, and decades more before it resembled a conventional pine. Bristlecone saplings grow straight up, with relatively sparse foliage, looking like undernourished Christmas trees. After a few hundred years-by which time the Old Kingdom of Egypt had fallen-it was probably forty or fifty feet in height.

Many tree species live for hundreds of years. A smaller but not inconsiderable number, including the sequoias and certain yews, oaks, cypresses, and junipers, survive for thousands. Once a bristlecone has established itself in the unforgiving conditions of the White Mountains, it can last almost indefinitely. The trees tend to grow some distance from one another, so fires almost never destroy an entire stand. Because only a few other plant species can handle the dry, cold climate, the bristlecones face little competition. Unlike most plants, they tolerate dolomite soil, which is composed of a chalky type of limestone that is heavily alkaline and low in nutrients. As for insect threats, bristlecone wood is so dense that mountain-pine beetles and other pests can rarely burrow their way into it.

What is the name of Great Basin bristlecone pine?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Novelist and Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award-winner KR Meera makes no bones about the fact that writing comes from repression and women experience it 10 times more than men. She considers women the true repository of stories and her critically acclaimed works reclaim that space. Her advice to budding women writers is to be fully vigilant about how masculinity insinuates itself into their world but also reassures them that for all their attempts at subjugation and slighting, the utmost men can do is envy women writers! She reminds us that every Women's Day is a day to dream of a world when every day is a women's day. "In that world, people won't desire to become more masculine but to become more humane," she says.

A few months ago, I met a man who tried to teach me how to write and what to write. He justified his right to do so saying, "you know, the one who eats the omelette is the right person to comment on the egg, not the hen". And I replied, "but the hen alone can describe the pain and labour in conceiving and laying it, not the omelette eater. The moment the hen starts talking about her life, the concept of omelette might change altogether."

Taking a cue from him, I think we can categorize the world's literature into two - omelette eaters' literature and hens' literature. I wish there is a cock's literature too, but I am afraid that it would be the same story which has been repeated over and again. And why is it happening? May be the omelette eaters are truly uncomfortable listening to true stories of the conceived egg and the pain and labour of laying it. Maybe they are scared of losing their omelettes. But whether they accept it or not, all the literature in this world is either of or about women only. Women have been the custodians of stories in all societies from time immemorial. Just think about the first story we have listened to. I bet it was told by a woman and not a man. But the first story you read in print had been invariably that of a man's. That explains it.

The number of women who write are far less than men writers because women have been kept away from reading and writing all through history. Even today many are not allowed to read or write. Many have no access to publishing. That is why the Women's Day celebration is justified year after year. We need to remind us at least for a day that our due share of the world, its resources, its freedom, and its happiness is being denied. It is good that we have this day to remind the other half that whatever they enjoy is our rightful share.

How did Meera categorize the world's literature in real sense?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Novelist and Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award-winner KR Meera makes no bones about the fact that writing comes from repression and women experience it 10 times more than men. She considers women the true repository of stories and her critically acclaimed works reclaim that space. Her advice to budding women writers is to be fully vigilant about how masculinity insinuates itself into their world but also reassures them that for all their attempts at subjugation and slighting, the utmost men can do is envy women writers! She reminds us that every Women's Day is a day to dream of a world when every day is a women's day. "In that world, people won't desire to become more masculine but to become more humane," she says.

A few months ago, I met a man who tried to teach me how to write and what to write. He justified his right to do so saying, "you know, the one who eats the omelette is the right person to comment on the egg, not the hen". And I replied, "but the hen alone can describe the pain and labour in conceiving and laying it, not the omelette eater. The moment the hen starts talking about her life, the concept of omelette might change altogether."

Taking a cue from him, I think we can categorize the world's literature into two - omelette eaters' literature and hens' literature. I wish there is a cock's literature too, but I am afraid that it would be the same story which has been repeated over and again. And why is it happening? May be the omelette eaters are truly uncomfortable listening to true stories of the conceived egg and the pain and labour of laying it. Maybe they are scared of losing their omelettes. But whether they accept it or not, all the literature in this world is either of or about women only. Women have been the custodians of stories in all societies from time immemorial. Just think about the first story we have listened to. I bet it was told by a woman and not a man. But the first story you read in print had been invariably that of a man's. That explains it.

The number of women who write are far less than men writers because women have been kept away from reading and writing all through history. Even today many are not allowed to read or write. Many have no access to publishing. That is why the Women's Day celebration is justified year after year. We need to remind us at least for a day that our due share of the world, its resources, its freedom, and its happiness is being denied. It is good that we have this day to remind the other half that whatever they enjoy is our rightful share.

Why are there fewer women writers as compared to men?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Novelist and Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award-winner KR Meera makes no bones about the fact that writing comes from repression and women experience it 10 times more than men. She considers women the true repository of stories and her critically acclaimed works reclaim that space. Her advice to budding women writers is to be fully vigilant about how masculinity insinuates itself into their world but also reassures them that for all their attempts at subjugation and slighting, the utmost men can do is envy women writers! She reminds us that every Women's Day is a day to dream of a world when every day is a women's day. "In that world, people won't desire to become more masculine but to become more humane," she says.

A few months ago, I met a man who tried to teach me how to write and what to write. He justified his right to do so saying, "you know, the one who eats the omelette is the right person to comment on the egg, not the hen". And I replied, "but the hen alone can describe the pain and labour in conceiving and laying it, not the omelette eater. The moment the hen starts talking about her life, the concept of omelette might change altogether."

Taking a cue from him, I think we can categorize the world's literature into two - omelette eaters' literature and hens' literature. I wish there is a cock's literature too, but I am afraid that it would be the same story which has been repeated over and again. And why is it happening? May be the omelette eaters are truly uncomfortable listening to true stories of the conceived egg and the pain and labour of laying it. Maybe they are scared of losing their omelettes. But whether they accept it or not, all the literature in this world is either of or about women only. Women have been the custodians of stories in all societies from time immemorial. Just think about the first story we have listened to. I bet it was told by a woman and not a man. But the first story you read in print had been invariably that of a man's. That explains it.

The number of women who write are far less than men writers because women have been kept away from reading and writing all through history. Even today many are not allowed to read or write. Many have no access to publishing. That is why the Women's Day celebration is justified year after year. We need to remind us at least for a day that our due share of the world, its resources, its freedom, and its happiness is being denied. It is good that we have this day to remind the other half that whatever they enjoy is our rightful share.

What is the meaning of the word 'insinuation'?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined

Novelist and Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award-winner KR Meera makes no bones about the fact that writing comes from repression and women experience it 10 times more than men. She considers women the true repository of stories and her critically acclaimed works reclaim that space. Her advice to budding women writers is to be fully vigilant about how masculinity insinuates itself into their world but also reassures them that for all their attempts at subjugation and slighting, the utmost men can do is envy women writers! She reminds us that every Women's Day is a day to dream of a world when every day is a women's day. "In that world, people won't desire to become more masculine but to become more humane," she says.

A few months ago, I met a man who tried to teach me how to write and what to write. He justified his right to do so saying, "you know, the one who eats the omelette is the right person to comment on the egg, not the hen". And I replied, "but the hen alone can describe the pain and labour in conceiving and laying it, not the omelette eater. The moment the hen starts talking about her life, the concept of omelette might change altogether."

Taking a cue from him, I think we can categorize the world's literature into two - omelette eaters' literature and hens' literature. I wish there is a cock's literature too, but I am afraid that it would be the same story which has been repeated over and again. And why is it happening? May be the omelette eaters are truly uncomfortable listening to true stories of the conceived egg and the pain and labour of laying it. Maybe they are scared of losing their omelettes. But whether they accept it or not, all the literature in this world is either of or about women only. Women have been the custodians of stories in all societies from time immemorial. Just think about the first story we have listened to. I bet it was told by a woman and not a man. But the first story you read in print had been invariably that of a man's. That explains it.

The number of women who write are far less than men writers because women have been kept away from reading and writing all through history. Even today many are not allowed to read or write. Many have no access to publishing. That is why the Women's Day celebration is justified year after year. We need to remind us at least for a day that our due share of the world, its resources, its freedom, and its happiness is being denied. It is good that we have this day to remind the other half that whatever they enjoy is our rightful share.

What does KR Meera wants people to act on Women's day?

[1] English Language
Chapter: [1] English Language
Concept: undefined >> undefined
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